高效混合清蜡剂的研制和性能评价

针对我国油井结蜡严重的现象,以苯、互溶剂A、互溶剂B和协同剂为原料,制备了一种高效混合清蜡剂。确定了混合清蜡剂的最佳配方:苯加量(体积分数,下同)45%,协同剂加量45%,互溶剂A加量5%,互溶剂B加量5%。实验结果表明,协同剂与苯具有较好的协同性,互溶剂与清蜡剂间、互溶剂A与互溶剂B间均具有良好的协同性。在最佳配方条件下,清蜡速率达0.082g/(mL·min)。     

HPLC法测定苯噻·苄·乙复配除草剂中的活性成份

报道了 30 %苯噻·苄·乙复酸除草剂的高效液相色谱分析方法 ,采用乙腈 +甲醇+水 =30 +4 0 +30 (V/V )为流动相 ,在C18柱上UV - 2 30nm下 ,同时测定了苯噻草胺、苄嘧磺隆和乙草胺的含量 ,标准偏差分别为 0 0 38、0 0 15和 0 0 16,变异系数分别为 0 16%,0 5 9%,0 63%,回收率在 98 10 %～ 10 2 2 8%之间。     

5种土壤处理除草剂对半夏田杂草防除效果

[目的]草害是制约贵州半夏产业发展的重要因素之一。生产上主要依靠人工除草方式,其除草成本高;化学除草是降低半夏田除草成本的有效措施,但生产上供选择的除草剂品种单一;试验旨在提供更多除草剂品种供半夏田选择应用。[方法]选用5种土壤处理除草剂,按照随机区组设计进行田间药效试验,在半夏播后苗前进行土壤喷雾处理。[结果]50%硝磺草酮·乙草胺·莠去津SC 1500 g a.i./hm^2处理、68.8%嗪草酮·乙草胺EC1543.5 g a.i./hm^2处理对半夏田杂草防除效果最好,药后30、45 d对杂草群体总株防效、总鲜重防效均在92%以上,但50%硝磺草酮·乙草胺·莠去津SC易产生药害,不宜使用;其次为960 g/L精异丙甲草胺EC864 g a.i./hm^2处理、240 g/L乙氧氟草醚EC 180 g a.i./hm^2处理,总株防效、总鲜重防效在69%以上;450 g/L二甲戊灵CS 742.5 g a.i./hm^2处理虽药后30 d对杂草群体总防效较好,但45 d防效较差。[结论]除50%硝磺草酮·乙草胺·莠去津SC外,其余4种除草剂均可在半夏田应用。但各除草剂对不同杂草种类防效存在一定差异,应根据半夏田杂草发生情况合理选择,科学用药,保障半夏产品质量安全。     

除草剂对植物和动物共有靶标的毒性机制

除草剂对哺乳动物和植物的毒性是通过对靶标位点的作用而产生的,目前已发现了近20种不同的除草剂作用机制,它们的靶标位点有些是植物所特有的,有些是哺乳动物和植物以及微生物所共有的。就这些除草剂的作用机制进行了系统的阐述,比较了它们对植物和哺乳动物的相对活性,以及如何确定它们的毒性。同时,除靶标位点外,除草剂的吸收、传导、代谢和降解也是影响毒性的重要因素,对这些因素的研究也有助于提高对非靶标生物的安全性。     

Identification of a minor component of the sex pheromone ofLeucoptera malifoliella (Lepidoptera,lyonetiidae)

A new minor component in the female volatile extract ofLeucoptera malifoliella (Costa) (Lepidoptera, Lyonetiidae) has been identified as 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (2). The amount detected of the minor compound2 ranged from 4 to 8% in comparison with the major component 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (1). Neither compound has been found in the male volatile extract. The identification has been based on its spectroscopic properties and Chromatographic behavior in comparison with an authentic synthetic sample. The synthesis has been carried out through a short route from 2,6-dimethylcyclohexanone (3). In field tests, compound2 appears to act as a Synergist of the major component1 when mixed with the latter in a 1000.1– 5 ratio.     

聚合物防老化稳定剂的协同作用机理

从聚合物热氧老化和光氧老化机理出发，介绍了不同稳定剂间的相互作用，可能产生的协同及反协同作用机理以及一些实用实例。     

双功能受阻胺光稳定剂GW-540与紫外线吸收剂并用效应的研究

本文用IR、UV、SEM等方法,研究了双功能基受阻胺光稳定剂——三(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)亚磷酸酯(GW-540),与紫外线吸收剂UV-531、UV-327并用时对聚丙烯的防光作用,结果表明:GW-540-UV-531并用体系有良好的防光作用,呈强的协同效应;GW-540-UV-327并用体系呈弱的对抗作用。结果还表明:GW-540对531和327的光分解均有保护作用.电镜研究表明,加入GW-540后,使UV-327在聚丙烯中分散更不均匀,从而影响其效率的发挥。文中提出了两个体系的协同和对抗作用机理。     

Host Plant Volatiles Synergize Response to Sex Pheromone in Codling Moth, Cydia pomonella

Plant volatile compounds synergize attraction of codling moth males Cydia pomonella to sex pheromone (E,E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (codlemone). Several apple volatiles, known to elicit a strong antennal response, were tested in a wind tunnel. Two-component blends of 1 pg/min codlemone and 100 pg/min of either racemic linalool, (E)-beta-farnesene, or (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol attracted significantly more males to the source than codlemone alone (60, 58, 56, and 37%, respectively). In comparison, a blend of codlemone and a known pheromone synergist, dodecanol, attracted 56% of the males tested. Blends of pheromone and plant volatiles in a 1:100 ratio attracted more males than 1:1 or 1:10,000 blends. Adding two or four of the most active plant compounds to codlemone did not enhance attraction over blends of codlemone plus single-plant compounds. Of the test compounds, only farnesol was attractive by itself; at a release rate of 10,000 pg/min, 16% of the males arrived at the source. However, attraction to a 1:10,000 blend of codlemone and farnesol (42%) was not significantly different from attraction to codlemone alone (37%). In contrast, a codlemone mimic, (E)-10-dodecadien-1-ol, which attracted 2% males by itself, had a strong antagonistic effect when blended in a 1:10,000 ratio with codlemone.     

生姜田杂草防除试验

将33%二甲戊乐灵EC、24%乙氧氟草醚EC和20%二甲戊·乙氧氟草醚EC用作生姜田播后苗前土壤处理,结果表明,生姜田除草20%二甲戊·乙氧氟草醚EC2400～2850ml/hm2(制剂含量)防治效果最佳,优于33%二甲戊乐灵EC和24%乙氧氟草醚EC,在推荐剂量下,对生姜安全,且有显著增产效果。