Integrating psychology and politics.

Comments on the article "A house divided? The psychology of red and blue America" by D. C. Seyle and M. L. Newman (see record 2006-11202-001). Seyle and Newman concluded that the red and blue metaphor is inaccurate and proposed a purple America strategy to better convey that the majority of people do not align themselves with political extremes. There is interdisciplinary agreement on this. Although not cited by Seyle and Newman, the findings by Professor Fiorina of Stanford University were reported by the APA Monitor on Psychology in its coverage of the 2005 APA State Leadership Conference (Murray Law, 2005). In contrast to their social psychological analysis, Seyle and Newman were incorrect in concluding that "[a]s psychologists, we are not in a position to change either the elements of the American political system that may spur this conflict or even the decisions made by pundits, politicians, and reporters about the terms they choose to use in political discussion" (p. 579). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高等教育财政来源的比较研究

高等教育财政是高等教育发展的必要条件和物质基础。美国、日本等发达国家之所以能在短时间内发展起来 ,不仅与重视教育尤其是高等教育有关 ,最重要的是形成了一套完整的高等教育管理制度和高等教育投资体系。学习和研究别国在高等教育投资方面的成功经验对于我国的高等教育财政体制改革具有借鉴作用。     

CCUS in a net-zero U.S. power sector: Policy design,rates, and project finance

Carbon capture utilization and storage is an important technology option to rapidly and profoundly decarbonize the power sector, but will not deploy without substantial incentives or regulation. Assessment of U.S. policy options reveals that current incentives only partially close the finance gap and are most sensitive to fuel type and ownership structure. Recent proposed legislation would in some designs attract private investment for many projects, leading to widespread deployment of CCUS in the power sector. Additional constraints and concerns (including technology options and presence of CO₂ infrastructure) could play an important secondary role. This study discusses the specific US incentive policies that can provide investors and lenders with net cash flows that are adequate to attract private capital to CCUS power projects in the US.     

美国密歇根州三所学院的办学理念与特色分析

办学理念和办学特色对学校的生存和发展起着至关重要的作用。本文在分析美国大学的发展历程与办学理念演变的基础上,重点介绍了三所美国学院的办学理念和办学特色,希望对我们的高等教育教学改革能有所启示。     

中美大学思想政治教育课程设置比较分析

通过比较中关两国大学各自的思想政治教育课程设置状况,分析了二者在思想政治教育课程设置上的共性与特性,探讨了美国高校有益经验对中国高校思想政治教育的启示。     

美国社区学院汽车维修专业课程开发的特点及启示

研究了美国社区学院汽车维修专业人才培养的特点。美国社区学院汽车维修专业人才培养是由行业主导,根据技术领域和职业岗位的技能需求,按照行业职业资格标准开发课程体系和教学内容,建立适应行业职业资格标准和岗位技能培养的课程标准,从而规范课程教学的基本要求,对中国高职院校汽车维修专业人才培养有一定的启示意义。     

New GOES imager algorithms for cloud and active fire detection and fire radiative power assessment across North, South and Central America

Vegetation fires are a key global terrestrial disturbance factor and a major source of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols. Therefore, many earth-system science and operational monitoring applications require access to repetitive, frequent and well-characterized information on fire emissions source strengths. Geostationary imagers offer important temporal advantages when studying rapidly changing phenomena such as vegetation fires. Here we present a new algorithm for detecting and characterising active fires burning within the imager footprints of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES), including consideration of cloud-cover and calculation of fire radiative power (FRP), a metric shown to be strongly related to fuel consumption and smoke emission rates. The approach is based on a set of algorithms now delivering near real time (NRT) operational FRP products from the Meteosat Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) imager (available from http://landsaf.meteo.pt/), and the GOES processing chain presented here is designed to deliver a compatible fire product to complete geostationary coverage of the Western hemisphere. Results from the two GOES imagers are intercompared, and are independently verified against the well regarded MODIS cloud mask and active fire products. We find that the detection of cloud and active fires from GOES matches that of MODIS very well for fire pixels having FRP > 30 MW, when the GOES omission error falls to less than 10%. The FRP of fire clusters detected near simultaneously by both GOES and MODIS have a bias of only 22 MW, and a similar bias is found when comparing near-simultaneous GOES East and GOES West FRP observations. However, many fire pixels having FRP < 30 MW remain undetected by GOES, probably unavoidably since it has a much coarser spatial resolution than MODIS. Adjustment using data from the less frequent but more accurate views obtained from high spatial resolution polar orbiting imagers could be used to bias correct regional FRP totals. Temporal integration of the GOES FRP record indicates that during the summer months, biomass burning combusts thousands of millions of tonnes of fuel daily across the Americas. Comparison of these results to those of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFEDv2) indicate strong linear relationships (r² > 0.9), suggesting that the timely FRP data available from a GOES real-time data feed is likely to be a suitable fire emissions source strength term for inclusion in schemes aiming to forecast the concentrations of atmospheric constituents affected by biomass burning.     

Monitoring access to water in rural areas based on the human right to water framework: a local level case study in Nicaragua

Much effort has gone into the recognition of the human right to water. Without doubt, this milestone influences governance and decision making processes at many scales so it is essential now to shift the discussion from the legal and conceptual framework to practice. Along this line, the article proposes a methodology for monitoring access to water in rural areas using the framework of this human right. The practicality of the approach is demonstrated by a case study carried out in Nicaragua. Different criteria of the right to water were included in surveys and structured interviews that were conducted in rural households and water committees, respectively. A discussion analyzes the advantages and challenges of using this framework. Finally, the approach provides elements for policy making that can be used by different stakeholders in the development and human rights sectors.     

美国大学生创业的影响因素、特点与启示

我国大学生创业受到了社会的广泛关注,但由于起步较晚,仍处在探索之中,而美国开展大学生创业已有相当长的历史,积累了丰富的创业经验,学习和借鉴美国大学生创业的成熟模式和成功经验,对于我国大学生创业支持体系的构建,具有一定的现实意义。本文对美国大学生创业的影响因素和主要特点进行分析,以期对我国促进大学生创业和解决大学生创业中现存问题有所启示。     

欧洲一体化进程对当代欧美关系的影响

近年来欧美关系的变化成为国际政治领域最值得关注的问题之一。欧美关系的新变化将深刻影响未来国际格局的形成。欧洲一体化是集经济一体化、政治一体化、社会规范化、文化均质化于一身的综合性进程，随着一体化的深入发展与冷战的结束，欧盟已成为欧洲地区重要的政治力量，欧美关系也逐渐发生变化。自身力量的增强使得欧盟谋求更大的政治影响，试图建立与美国的平等地位。目前，欧洲正日益成为一种平衡美国单极霸权的力量。欧美关系成为影响世界格局的重要变量。