A review on ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys

As a solid state joining process, ultrasonic spot welding has been proven to be a promising technique for joining copper alloys. However, challenges still remain in employing ultrasonic spot welding to join copper alloys. This article comprehensively reviews the current state of ultrasonic spot welding of copper alloys with a number of critical issues including materials flow, plastic deformation, temperature distribution, vibration, relative motion, vertical displacement, interface friction coefficient, online monitoring technique, coupled with the macrostructure and microstructure, the mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. In addition, the future trends in this field are provided.     

Optimization of A-TIG process parameters using response surface methodology

In the present work, the influence of process parameters such as welding current (I), welding speed (S), and flux coating density (F) on different aspects of weld bead geometry for example depth of penetration (DOP), bead width (BW), depth to width ratio (D/W), and weld fusion zone area (WA) were investigated by using the central composite design (CCD). 9–12% Cr ferritic stainless steel (FSS) plates were welded using A-TIG welding. It was observed that all input variables have a direct influence on the DOP, BW, and D/W. However, flux coating density has no significant effect on WA. Mathematical models were generated from the obtained responses to predict the weld bead geometry. An optimized DOP, BW, D/W, and WA of 6.95?mm, 8.76?mm, 0.80, and 41.99?mm², respectively, were predicted at the welding current of 213.78 A, the welding speed of 96.22?mm/min, and the flux coating density of 1.99?mg/cm². Conformity test was done to check the practicability of the developed models. The conformity test results were in good agreement with the predicted values. Arc constriction and reversal in Marangoni convection were considered as major mechanisms for the deep and narrow weld bead during A-TIG welding.     

改善40Mn2钢低倍质量的实践

介绍了40Mn2钢的特性及用途。结合石钢3#连铸机设备的实际情况,分析了导致40Mn2铸坯低倍内裂的原因。通过优化电磁搅拌参数和振动参数,基本消除了40Mn2钢材低倍内裂的缺陷问题,为连铸设备出现变化时如何保证生产提供了思路。     

大、小规格结构钢低倍组织评级图间的差异

《结构钢低倍组织缺陷评级图》GB/T1979-2001是目前国内唯一钢铁型材、扁材低倍组织缺陷评级图,但样品缺陷的大、小与样品规格不成正比。笔者结合标准的修订,阐述了大、小规格评级图间的差异及联系。     

石英玻璃的结构缺陷及其形成机理

采用不同工艺制备4种石英玻璃,分析其结构缺陷及形成机理。结果表明,水晶粉为原料、石墨坩埚中熔制的Ⅰ类玻璃气泡、颗粒、条纹最多;高纯SiCl4原料、CVD工艺制备的Ⅲ、Ⅳ类玻璃无颗粒缺陷,气泡与条纹明显少于Ⅰ、Ⅱ类。Ⅱ、Ⅳ类玻璃经高温拉棒形成较大热应力,Ⅲ类玻璃熔体降温速度慢、热应力小。微观结构上,Ⅰ类玻璃金属杂质含量最高,Ⅱ类次之,Ⅲ、Ⅳ类都小于5×10-6。Ⅳ类玻璃在无氢的等离子火焰中熔制、羟基含量极低,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类在H2-O2焰中熔制导致羟基含量高。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ类玻璃氧空位含量较高,Ⅲ类玻璃基本不存在氧空位。     

再生混凝土的应用现状与性能分析

对再生混凝土的现状做了比较详细的分析,总结了国内外在再生混凝土研究应用方面的各项进展和已取得的成果,并从微观结构和宏观性能两方面分析了再生混凝土的特点,提出了进一步改善再生混凝土性能建议,以便于更好的利用再生资源。     

Effect of electropulse modification parameters on ingot macrostructure of Cu—Al—Ni shape memory alloys

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82B铸坯碳硫偏析和低倍缺陷控制的试验研究

通过现场试验和实验室分析相结合的方法,对不同连铸工艺条件下生产的82B铸坯的碳硫偏析和低倍缺陷进行了系统研究。结果表明:过热度、拉速和末搅拌3个影响铸坯偏析的因素随铸坯内部位置的变化和偏析元素种类的不同所起的作用大小不同。适当增加二冷强度可以有效地减轻铸坯的碳硫偏析特别是中心部位的碳硫偏析。二冷强度过高,二冷区存在喷水冷却不均匀的现象,导致铸坯内部产生中间裂纹。铸坯凝固末端使用电磁搅拌能够明显改善中心疏松和中心缩孔。     

金刚石研磨在水泥混凝土路面纹理改善中应用

结合水泥混凝土路面表面纹理对其使用性能的作用,介绍了金刚石研磨技术的技术要点,施工机械,技术优点及适用范围,通过金刚石研磨技术的应用,使水泥混凝土路面恢复良好的表面功能。     

20#连铸矩形坯宏观组织缺陷及其遗传性

归纳和分析了铸坯宏观组织缺陷类型，生成机理，针对铸坯组织缺陷在管坯，钢管内外表面上的表现形式及其遗传规律进行了详细论述。