Simulated Annealing and the Generation of the Objective Function: A Model of Learning During Problem Solving

A computational model of problem solving based on significant aspects of human problem solving is introduced. It is observed that during problem solving humans often start searching more or less randomly, becoming more deterministic over time as they learn more about the problem. This two‐phase aspect of problem‐solving behavior and its relation to learning is one of the important features this model accounts for. The model uses an accelerated simulated annealing technique as a search mechanism within a real‐time dynamic programming‐like framework upon a connected graph of neighboring problem states. The objective value of each node is adjusted as the model moves between nodes, learning more accurate values for the nodes and also compensating for misleading heuristic information as it does so. In this manner the model is shown to learn to more effectively solve isomorphs of the Balls and Boxes and Tower of Hanoi problems. The major issues investigated with the model are (a) whether such a simulated annealing‐based model exhibits the kind of random‐to‐directed transition in behavior exhibited by people, and (b) whether the progressive discovery of the objective function, even when given very little or poor initial information, is a plausible method for representing the learning that occurs during problem solving and the knowledge that results from that learning.     

磨矿介质的应用与管理

本文介绍了德兴铜矿泗洲选矿厂低铬合金球的使用情况,加强钢球管理降低钢球单耗的经验,并就如何完善钢球管理,降低钢球单耗提出了看法和建议.     

轴承钢丸直径配比对强化研磨内圈沟道面硬度及形貌的影响

为研究强化研磨加工过程中轴承钢丸在不同直径的组合配比条件下对轴承内圈沟道面硬度的影响,通过理论与试验结合研究分析了钢丸法向碰撞内圈表面的过程,同时采用了扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察内圈沟道面形貌的变化,并通过激光共聚焦显微镜与洛氏硬度计检测了其加工前后的表面粗糙度与硬度。研究结果表明:在试验所设定的工艺参数条件下,使用直径为2、3 mm的钢丸组合配可大大提高沟道面硬度,强化效果最佳,更能保证强化研磨加工质量。     

GRAPHICAL COMPUTING METHOD ON FOUR-BAR LINKAGE(1)——Inflexion Circle,Focal Axis,Ball''''s Point,Centering-point Curve and Circling-point Curve For Four ISPs,Coupler Curves Based on Ball''''s Points——

By means of programs GTMPAC based- on generalized triangle method,analysis and synthesis of mechanism design in accordance with absolutely graphicalmethod( absolutely germetrical method) are developed.In this paper,we make aspecial study about centering- point curve and circling- point curve and couplercurves based on Ball's points.     

Efficient PRAM simulation on a distributed memory machine

We present algorithms for the randomized simulation of a shared memory machine (PRAM) on a Distributed Memory Machine (DMM). In a PRAM, memory conflicts occur only through concurrent access to the same cell, whereas the memory of a DMM is divided into modules, one for each processor, and concurrent accesses to the same module create a conflict. Thedelay of a simulation is the time needed to simulate a parallel memory access of the PRAM. Any general simulation of anm processor PRAM on ann processor DMM will necessarily have delay at leastm/n. A randomized simulation is calledtime-processor optimal if the delay isO(m/n) with high probability. Using a novel simulation scheme based on hashing we obtain a time-processor optimal simulation with delayO(log log(n) log*(n)). The best previous simulations use a simpler scheme based on hashing and have much larger delay: (log(n)/log log(n)) for the simulation of an n processor PRAM on ann processor DMM, and (log(n)) in the case where the simulation is time-processor optimal.Our simulations use several (two or three) hash functions to distribute the shared memory among the memory modules of the PRAM. The stochastic processes modeling the behavior of our algorithms and their analyses based on powerful classes of universal hash functions may be of independent interest.Research partially supported by NSF/DARPA Grant CCR-9005448. Work was done while at the University of California at Berkeley and the International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA.Research partially supported by National Science Foundation Operating Grant CCR-9016468, National Science Foundation Operating Grant CCR-9304722, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant No. 89-00312, United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation Grant No. 92-00226, and ESPRIT BR Grant EC-US 030.Part of work was done during a visit at the International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley; supported in part by DFG-Forschergruppe Effiziente Nutzung massiv paralleler Systeme, Teilprojekt 4, and by the Esprit Basic Research Action Nr. 7141 (ALCOM II).     

邦德球磨功指数试验的影响因素

邦德球磨功指数是选矿厂碎磨流程设计和磨矿回路作业效率评价的重要依据。不同的商业化邦德球磨功指数试验流程中存在的钢球配比与磨机筒体结构的差异常常被忽略,这种差异会对邦德球磨功指数的测试结果造成明显的影响。入料粒度、产品粒度、矿石性质等因素均会对邦德球磨功指数的测试结果造成影响,在试验时需要充分考虑这些因素的影响。尽管如此,邦德球磨功指数仍然是一种方便和准确的测定矿石可磨性的标准方法。     

MCM多功能芯片集成工艺技术研究

近几年来，MCM技术在许多方面应用越来越广泛，本文着重介绍了MCMX工艺的实现过程，并以54HCT04为例，用倒装焊的方法，制造出了具有一定功能的电路模块。     

纳米改性对含碳化物的等温淬火球墨铸铁磨球金相组织的影响

针对大型半自磨机现用磨球磨耗高、破碎率高的现状,研究了纳米改性和高温预处理对含碳化物的等温淬火球墨铸铁磨球金相组织的影响。实验结果表明:随着纳米改性剂加入量的增加,石墨球趋向圆整化、细小化和分布均匀化;碳化物趋向细小化和分布均匀化;高温预处理使碳化物数量减少,边界钝化,短杆状向球形过渡。优化后的金相组织细小均匀,对提高磨球的耐磨性及抗破碎能力极为有利。