Visualizing and analyzing dynamic meteorological data with virtual globes: A case study of tropical cyclones

Visualization is an important component of the evaluation of meteorological models, forecasting research, and other applications. With advances in computing power, the volume of meteorological data generated by geoscience and climate researchers has been steadily increasing. The emerging technique of virtual globes has been regarded as an ideal platform for visualizing larger geospatial data over the Internet. To visualize and analyze meteorological data with the new virtual globes, this paper proposes a systematic meteorological data visualization (MDV) framework in World Wind, an open-source virtual globe. The key technologies, including a hierarchical octree-based multiresolution data organization, data scheduling, level of detail (LOD) and rendering are described in detail. The framework is then applied to a practical tropical cyclone simulation, including flow vectors, particle tracking, cross-sectional analysis, streamlines, pathway animation, and volume rendering. The results show that virtual globes are effective tools for meteorological data visualization and analysis.     

Design of parallel cyclones based on stability analysis

The uniform distribution of gas solids flow across parallel cyclones is required for high efficiency. In this study, we introduced mass flow rate ratio between solids and gas (C_T) to present multi‐phase interaction. And the direct Liapunov method is used to detect the instability of uniformity. Due to the special symmetry in this system, the criterion can be simplified into identifying the concavity (concave or convex) of pressure drop across a single cyclone with respect to C_T. Then, based on the stability analysis of uniformity, a novel design principle is provided to prevent non‐uniform distribution at dense phase. The effect of geometrical factor, i.e. dimensionless vortex finder diameter d_r, on the stability of uniformity has been further investigated. The phase diagram, illustrating the effects of both operational parameter (C_T) and geometrical parameter (d_r) on stability of uniformity is calculated to give a clue of designing a robust parallel cyclones system. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 4251–4258, 2016     

Revamping of the 1A/1M Cat Cracker. Increasing Output by 40%

Revamping of the 1A/1M cat cracker with introduction of new technologies and equipment units is described: feedstock and sludge nozzles, single–stage reactor cyclones, two–stage catalyst stripping, air– and steam–distributing devices, and two–stage regenerator cyclones. The output of the unit increased by 40%, and the yield and octane characteristics of the naphtha cut increased as a result, and grounds were created for converting the unit to a two–year operating cycle between repairs.     

优化旋流器结构参数提高磨矿细度的生产实践

阿舍勒铜矿铜锌分离浮选作业入选细度要求高,需达到-0.043mm占95%。通过对磨矿生产流程的考察和计算,优化了再磨漩流器的结构参数,使再磨循环负荷提高了163.18%;旋流器溢流细度提高了2.87%,而且较好地解决了再磨机筒体、轴瓦发热的问题。     

新型环保烧烤炉

新型环保烧烤炉不仅可以节省木炭,还能起到减污减排的效果：它采用侧旋风烧烤食物．使产生的一部分油烟注入到炭中继续燃烧可以节省木炭约25％：它利用炭火的余热产生水蒸汽处理另一部分油烟。最终,使我们的产品达到节能减排的效果。     

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF A ROTARY SWIRL CYCLONE SCRUBBER

A Rotary Swirl Cyclone Scrubber (RSCS) is a device designed to remove SO₂ and ash from the combustion products of an entrained-flow gasifier. It uses a combination of highly swirling flow and water sprays to produce high heat and mass transfer rates. In order to develop a better understanding of the operation of this device, modelling has been performed using an extended version of CFX-F3D. Simulations have been performed to examine the flowfield in the device and to determine SO₂ and ash capture efficiencies. The simulations show that the water jets used to remove the SO₂ from the gas completely change the direction or swirl in the device, resulting in a highly turbulent flow. The experimental SO₂ capture efficiency and the outlet temperature are well reproduced using a water droplet size of 60 μm, with this value being determined via fitting to a particular experiment. Predictions of ash particle capture are found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.     

STUDY ON THE SCALE-UP EFFECT OF CYCLONES

The scale-up effect, which is a key factor controlling the performance of industrial cyclones, is conventionally estimated through grade efficienty curves. A new principle based on the centrifugal separation factor (CSF) is proposed to improve the scale-up procedure in designing industrial cyclones.     

Gas and particle flow patterns in cyclones at room and elevated temperatures

Experimental results are presented for a study of gas and particle flows in a 102 mm diameter conventional cyclone operated at temperatures between 300 and 2000 K. Inlet gas velocities ranged from 3 to 42 m/s. Particle deposition patterns and the measurements of local pressures were used to determine the flow patterns and velocity profiles within the cyclone. A “Reynolds Number” has been defined based on the mean inlet velocity and the hydraulic diameter of the annulus between the cyclone wall and the gas outlet duct. An empirical equation was derived to correlate the ratio of the wall tangential velocity to the mean inlet velocity with this Reynolds Number.     

Experimental study of the vortex end in centrifugal separators: The nature of the vortex end

The nature of the vortex end (or the “tail end” or “tip”) in reverse-flow centrifugal gas cleaning equipment, cyclones and swirl tubes, has been studied by visualization using a stroboscope and high-time-resolution pressure measurements. The core of the vortex is shown to bend to the wall of the separator, and rotate around the wall, forming the ring-shaped pattern normally observed at the vortex end. The end of the vortex was found to occur higher in the swirl tube (“less stable vortex”) when the solid loading is increased, and when the volumetric flow rate to the tube is decreased. The frequency with which the vortex core rotates varies with the gas flow rate and was found to be about the same as the frequency with which the gas rotates higher in the separator. The time-averaged wall pressure suddenly decreases in the separator body at the point where the vortex end attaches to the wall.     

湍流自由旋流在光滑管入口段的强化传热

研究由一种新的旋流发生装置所形成的自由旋流在光滑管入口段的传热情况。从理论上求解了旋流数的衰减规律。自由旋流对传热有明显的强化作用,这种作用与旋流数有关。在适当的雷诺数范围内,这种新的旋流发生装置具有实用价值。