Zentrische Druckversuche an schlanken UHPC‐Stützen

Axial compression tests on slender columns – unreinforced slender columns: a taboo? – Debate on potential and risk Within the project of the Priority Programme (SPP) 1542 ”Concrete light“, which is funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG), unreinforced UHPC columns with square and rectangular cross‐section were tested under axial compression in the subproject ”Cross sectional adaption for rod‐shaped elements in compression“. The results were compared with test series of other researchers. The focus of the study was on the buckling behavior of columns with different conditions of end support. A hinged and a fixed support have been applied for these experiments. In addition to an analysis of the failure process, the results were compared with the Euler buckling load and the normal stress in consideration of second‐order effects. Concluding, advantages and disadvantages of both approaches are presented, compared, and discussed.     

Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücke aus Carbonbeton in Albstadt‐Ebingen

Pedestrian bridge made from carbon‐concrete in Albstadt‐Ebingen – First entirely carbon‐reinforced concrete bridge worldwide The bridge erected in Albstadt‐Ebingen in October 2015 is realized without any steel reinforcement or pre‐tensioning, making it the world's first entirely carbon‐reinforced concrete bicycle and pedestrian‐bridge. The trough section with material thicknesses of 70 mm (trough walls) and 90 mm (slab) respectively has been fabricated as monolithic pre‐cast element. With a span length of 15 m and a width of 3 m, the bridge‐deck requires no further coating and has a total weight of just 14 tons (approximately 310 kg/m2); this is about 50 % of comparable conventional reinforced concrete bridge‐decks. Besides material and weight savings, an exceptionally long service life with minimal maintenance can be expected, as the steel corrosion that is typical in reinforced concrete structures can be entirely avoided. Since the use of carbon‐reinforced concrete (carbon concrete) is not yet approved in Germany, the client had to obtain approval based on individual cases (ZiE).     

Verbundverhalten von Vollgewindeschrauben in Brettschichtholzbauteilen

Bond behaviour of self‐tapping screws being used as reinforcement in glue‐laminated timber elements – Part 2: Analytical and numerical investigations as well bond model derivation for the calculation of anchorage length In favor of the investigation of bond behaviour, force transfer and anchorage length of self‐tapping screws, several tests have been realized at the Chair of Structures and Structural Design in cooperation with the Institute for Building Material Research of the RWTH Aachen University. The experimental investigations comprise more than 160 pull‐out tests of screws with long embedment length and over 84 load distributions tests. Additionally, several tests displaying the effect of longitudinal cracks in the surrounding wood as well as the effect of the screw tip have been conducted. Through various analyses of the bond behaviour, the experimental investigations form the basis for the calibration and evaluation of the numerical models and allow a prediction of the force transfer of the screws in glue‐laminated elements. Design rules that enable the application of the self‐tapping screws as reinforcement in timber elements have been derived from the knowledge obtained in the experimental and numerical investigations. This paper, which results from a research project funded by the German Research Foundation [1], presents the results of investigations on the bond behavior of self‐tapping screws in glue‐laminated timber elements. Part 1 elaborates on the experimental investigations [2] whereas part 2 illustrates the numerical analyses and presents a bond model, which enables the design of the anchorage length and the safe application of the screws as reinforcement in timber elements.     

Berechnung einer Kombinierten Pfahl‐Plattengründung am Beispiel des Hochhauses “Skyper” in Frankfurt/Main

Am Bespiel des Hochhauses “Skyper” wurden durch den Unterausschuss “Kombinierte Pfahl‐Platten‐ und Pfahlgruppengründungen” des DIN verschiedene Berechnungsverfahren zur Berechnung einer Kombinierten Pfahl‐Plattengründung angewendet. Die Ergebnisse werden verglichen und diskutiert, wobei sich für den vorliegenden Fall herausstellte, dass sowohl numerische Verfahren als auch vereinfachte Verfahren, die auf der Halbraumtheorie basieren, akzeptable Ergebnisse liefern. Für eine Auswahl der geotechnischen Berechnungsverfahren wurden Federmodelle für die Abbildung der Reaktion der Baugrundoberfläche und der Pfähle abgeleitet und mit Ansatz dieser Federmodelle die Fundamentplatte bemessen. Auf dieser Grundlage gibt der Unterausschuss eine Empfehlung zur Anwendung von Berechnungsverfahren. Calculation of a piled raft foundation as a case study for the high rise building “Skyper” in Frankfurt/Main. Various calculation methods were applied on the piled raft foundation of the high rise building ”Skyper“. The results are compared and discussed. Numerical methods as well as simplified methods based on the elastic half space theory lead in the actual case to reasonable results. With the derived subgrade reaction modulus and pile stiffness the raft reinforcement was computed. A recommendation for the application of numerical and simplified methods is given.     

Korrosionsprodukte und deren Volumenfaktor bei der Korrosion von Stahl in Beton

Korrosion der Bewehrung ist eine der Hauptursachen für Schäden an Betonbauwerken. Das Volumen des Rostes ist i. d. R. um ein Vielfaches größer als das ursprüngliche Stahlvolumen, was zu Rissbildungen und Abplatzungen des Betons bis hin zum Verlust der Gebrauchstauglichkeit führen kann. Basierend auf gezielten Korrosionsuntersuchungen werden in diesem Beitrag die Hauptkomponenten der typischen Eisenoxide und ‐hydrate sowie deren Volumenfaktoren beschrieben, die als Basis für weiterführende Betrachtungen der Auswirkungen der Bewehrungskorrosion dienen sollen. Corrosion Products and their Volume Factor Created by Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Steel corrosion is one of the main reasons of degradation and damage of concrete structures. The volume of rust, resulting from steel corrosion, can be several times greater than the original steel volume which leads to cracking and spalling of the concrete and may finally end in the loss of structural functionality. Based on corrosion experiments on black steel, this article presents the major components of typical oxide layers and their volume expansion and thus forms a basis for further studies on corrosion of steel in concrete.     

Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines nichtrostenden Chromstahls in karbonatisiertem Normal‐, Leicht‐ und Recyclingbeton

Um der Forderung nach Nachhaltigkeit nachzukommen, wird in den nächsten Jahren der Einsatz von Betonen mit rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen (Beton‐ und Mischabbruch) zunehmen. Wegen den wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften wird auch der Bedarf an Betonen mit Leichtzuschlägen (z. B. Blähglas) steigen. Als wesentliches Element dieser Entwicklung werden für die Zementund Betonproduktion zunehmend Zemente mit reduziertem Portlandzementklinkergehalt sowie Zusatzstoffe wie Flugasche und Hüttensand verwendet. Damit nimmt der Karbonatisierungswiderstand der Betone tendenziell ab und das Risiko für Korrosionsschäden zu. Die nachfolgend vorgestellten Untersuchungen hatten zum Ziel, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines nichtrostenden Chromstahls (Top12, Zusammensetzung entspricht ungefähr dem Stahl mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4003) in karbonatisiertem Beton mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung zu evaluieren, mit normalem Betonstahl zu vergleichen und zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass der Top12, im Gegensatz zum normalen Betonstahl, in allen untersuchten Betonen und damit auch in stark karbonatisierten Recyclingbetonen beständig ist. Corrosion Resistance of a Stainless Chromium‐Steel in Carbonated Ordinary, Light‐Weight and Recycling Concrete In order to achieve the goals for a sustainable development, concrete with recycled aggregates (concrete and mixtures from concrete and masonry, e.g. clay bricks and calcium silicate blocks etc.) is going to be used more and more in the future. Due to its thermal insulating properties, the demand for concrete with light‐weight aggregates (e.g. foam glass) will also increase. As an essential element of this development, an increasing amount of cements with a reduced clinker factor as well as of mineral additions such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag is used for concrete production. Therefore, as a general tendency, the carbonation resistance of concrete mixes decreases while the risk of corrosion damages increases. The goal of the investigations described in this paper was to evaluate and to assess the corrosion resistance of a stainless rebar (Top12, composition corresponds approx. to steel grade 1.4003) in various carbonated concrete mixes and to compare the results with common rebars. The results lead to the conclusion that, in contrast to common rebars, Top12 is durable in all investigated concrete mixes, including strongly carbonated recycling concretes.