Context-free grammars to detect straight segments and a novel polygonal approximation method

A new method for the polygonal approximation is presented. The method is based on the search for break points through a context-free grammar, that accepts digital straight segments with loss of information, as well as the decrease in the error committed employing the comparison of a tolerable error. We present an application of our method to different sets of objects widely used, as well as a comparison of our results with the best results reported in the literature, proving that our method achieves better values of error criteria. Besides, a new way to find polygonal approximations, with context-free grammars to recognize digital straight segments without loss of pixels, it is also addressed.     

鄂尔多斯盆地榆林－神木地区上古生界裂缝和断层分布及其对天然气富集区的影响

鄂尔多斯盆地东部榆林-神木地区上古生界发育了断层和3种类型的裂缝.裂缝类型有区域构造缝、水平缝（包括层理缝与缝合线）和成岩缝,其中,区域构造缝主要呈北东向分布,在上古生界各层位均发育,缝合线在山2段中下部和太原组灰岩中都可见到,层理缝仅见于山西组山2段中下部,成岩缝仅见于石千峰组千5段.断层为逆断层,断穿了上古生界下部气藏的区域盖层和烃源岩.裂缝和断层分布对研究区重点勘探层位山2段、盒8段和千5段的天然气富集起到了重要作用：伴生的层理缝和缝合线的分布控制了山2段天然气富集区;区域构造缝的分布促进了盒8段天然气的富集;而千5段天然气的富集则依赖于本区断穿上石盒子组的断层和区域构造缝的分布.图6表2参29     

Data requirements for neutron activation: Part I: Cross sections

Existing neutron cross section libraries such as EAF-2003 contain a large number of reactions. Of these only a small proportion are significant in the production of the nuclides that dominate activation quantities such as activity or γ-dose rate at various decay times. These reactions were identified in a recent extensive set of calculations on all the elements and reported in the ‘Activation Handbook’. These 1340 reactions are considered here and the set of reactions with no differential or integral data are listed and prioritised. A set of 339 reactions with very limited possibility of measurement are given; these require further study by theoretical calculations. A set of 100 reactions with either discrepant or no data, that might be measurable are listed and are recommended to be the subject of future experimental work.     

长期不同施肥对玉米田间杂草生物多样性的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了长期不同施肥对田间杂草总密度、优势杂草组成及生物多样性的影响。结果表明:综合施用N、P、K肥,不仅降低了田间杂草的总密度,降低了优势杂草在群落中的比重,而且有利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性;不施用N或P肥,田间杂草的总密度增大,优势杂草的比重也明显增强,但不利于维持田间杂草的生物多样性。所以,平衡施用N、P、K肥,有利于维持农田生态系统中的生物多样性,并能更好地进行杂草控制。     

Formation of geothermal resources at lithospheric subduction zones

This paper examines in a very broad fashion the formation of geothermal resources at lithospheric subduction zones. Regions of highly silicic calc-alkaline Quaternary volcanoes and/or plutons have been identified as prime candidates for having high-temperature hydrothermal systems. Regions of large tholeiitic Quaternary volcanoes have been identified as prime candidates for having large moderate-temperature hydrothermal systems. In addition, active magmatic, phreatomagnetic, and/or tectonic fracturing must be occurring in order to keep any moderate to high temperature hydrothermal system from chemically sealing. Connate, meteoric and/or oceanic water sources must also be present. Owing to tectonic and magmatic processes, volcanic arcs of subduction zones represent regions of the crust that have anomalously high mechanical and heat energy. Such arc regions are expected to contain significantly more moderate to high temperature hydrothermal systems than what is presently known. Many of these arcs are briefly discussed with respect to their potential for containing such resources.     

利用测井资料识别碳酸盐岩裂缝的方法

在碳酸盐岩地层中,裂缝是非常常见且十分重要的一类储集空间类型,对油气的运移和聚集有非常重要的作用。因此,裂缝的识别显得特别重要。本文以新疆某油田为例,通过岩芯观察及成像测井资料与常规测井资料进行比对,总结出了不同类型裂缝对常规测井的不同响应特征。通过实际应用,识别效果良好,证明用测井方法识别不同类型的裂缝是可行的。     

Relationships between gas reservoir and the evolution of stope surrounding rock fracture at the process of mining the closed distance protection layer

Overburden rock movements and fracture developments occur during mining activities. Consequently, relief gas reservoirs and migration in coal seams being mined as well as in near distant coal seams appear. We considered a gas disaster management project and rules on stope relief of gas flows together and explored a gas reservoir and the evolution of stope surrounding rock fractures in the process of mining near distant protective layers by physical simulation, numerical simulation and field testing. Different techniques provide evidence of the rules of interaction of gas reservoirs and the evolution of surrounding rock fractures and are able to find accurately the gas-rich regions around the stope. Finally, we found that these rules can provide a basis for taking measures to prevent gas accidents in the protective layer of the coalface as well as for demonstrating and designing programs to drain high concentrations of gas from the gob.     

基于随机动力学的边坡安全坡角估值方法探讨

对于广泛分布大量裂隙的岩质边坡,有些并无明显的软弱面,裂隙的分布方位对边坡稳定性就起着控制作用,但在实际工作中,往往存在安全坡角取值不准确的问题。传统方法是找到边坡内部裂隙的优势分组,应用赤平投影方法估计边坡安全坡角。随机动力学稳定性分析认为,最危险滑动面的滑动方向为边坡的倾向方向,岩壁上测量出的每一条裂隙都是随机的,对边坡的失稳都会造成一定的影响,裂隙可形成单一滑动面破坏或裂隙之间可随机组合形成楔形体进而对边坡造成破坏。以大连港东换流站的开挖边坡为实例,采用随机动力学方法与赤平投影分析相结合进行对比分析,给出合理的安全坡角。     

基于MPEG-7主色描述符的图像检索

主色描述符作为MPEG-7的一种颜色描述子被广泛的应用于图像检索。通过一种有效的,结构紧凑的,直观的模式,主色描述符描述了一幅图像中的具有代表性的颜色特征。一种新的基于固定数目的MPEG-7主色描述符的图像检索算法被提出。特征提取的过程不再需要阙值的干预以及主色数目固定为8个。直方图相交算法用来衡量特征,从而简化了相似度的计算。实验结果表明,此方法的查准率和查全率高于非固定数目的主色检索方法。     

Comparison of two tools for the measurement of interfragmentary movement in femoral neck fractures stabilised by cannulated screws

Achieving stability at the site of femoral neck fracture is an important factor for callus formation in the post-operative period. However, measuring interfragmentary movement in vivo is not currently possible as telemetric screws have not been manufactured for surgical use. Understanding how the implantation of the screws can affect the stability of the fracture allows the surgeon to tailor the procedure to the patient and produce the best possible outcome. Two techniques have been developed that measure interfragmentary movement between fractured surfaces. The first was a FEA model of the proximal femur with screws represented by nodal links. Movement was quantified by the amount of relative motion occurring between paired nodes either side of the fracture. The second was a mechanical compression test of a composite femur that allowed the motion analysis of paired markers on the external surface of the femur. Movement was digitised with markers selected and displacements calculated by transforming the global coordinate system to a local system relative to the fracture plane.