山水交融,生态校园——湖南潇湘技师学院新校区方案设计

该文通过对湖南潇湘技师学院新校区规划设计方案的分析介绍,阐述了校园建筑应以人为本,与生态环境相融合。同时为现代新校园的设计提出创造性的理念。     

含油页岩不同极性试剂连续抽提物饱和烃组成特征

页岩中不同赋存状态原油的分离成为当前较为关注的问题。采用极性逐渐增强的正己烷、二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷对祁连山木里煤田钻孔的含油页岩样品进行连续抽提,对各抽提物分别做族组分和定量色谱—质谱分析。研究结果表明:正己烷冷浸泡抽提物主要为页岩内自由态烃类,以饱和烃为主;而三氯甲烷索氏抽提物则主要为吸附态烃类,其中极性组分含量高,且碳数较高的正构烷烃丰度高;随溶剂极性的增加,连续抽提物生标参数C_(29)ααα甾烷20S/(20S+20R)与C_(24)四环萜烷/C_(26)三环萜烷比值逐渐增加,而C_(21)/C_(23)三环萜烷比值逐渐减小,但C_(23)三环萜烷/C_(30)藿烷和C_(31)升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)比值基本保持不变,另外部分参数比值则表现为无规律性的变化;尽管各种抽提物烃类组成和分子参数存在一定的差异,但各类化合物分布模式和部分参数值差异很小,表明3种连续抽提物(不同赋存状态的烃类)均为页岩内本源烃,而非外来烃。     

高地温条件下深埋隧洞围岩温度—应力分析及施工对策

以位于西昆仑山区的齐热哈塔尔水电站引水发电隧洞高地温洞段为例,初步分析了工程区隧洞高地温洞段大地热流背景及其形成机理,针对隧洞围岩的高地温分布特征,建立典型高地温洞段地质模型,利用有限元软件模拟隧洞施工贯通通水后的围岩岩体温度场,并由此来推断热应力对于围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明,围岩温度90℃以上、空气温度50℃以上的高地温洞段,内外温差大于10℃(里低外高),若采用无衬砌和一次支护方案对高地温洞段围岩进行支护,该洞段内大部分区域的最大主拉应力将超过C25混凝土的抗拉强度,易产生整体拉裂破坏;若采用钢筋混凝土衬砌结构方案,则可以通过增加衬砌结构的配筋量来降低其最大主应力值,此时隧洞围岩及衬砌结构均未出现整体拉裂破坏。研究成果能够为保证该高地温隧洞的安全运行提供可靠的设计依据。     

Learning from the West Coast: Long-Termism and Change – An Interview with Stewart Brand

Stewart Brand has been a key figure in the alternative culture of the US West Coast since the 1960s. The key message in his various publications has been that communities should be enabled to constantly reshape their own environments. In conversation with former Technical Editor of AD Peter Murray , he describes his lifestyle and influences – from the hippy movement, to time working for California Governor Jerry Brown in the 1970s, to writers such as Gregory Bateson, Frank Duffy and Christopher Alexander – and advocates a loose-fit ‘architecture of systems’, rather than a fixed and limiting ‘architecture of moulds’.     

Environmentally Smart Design: Designing for Social Wellbeing Across the City and in the Workplace

Sustainable need not mean more expensive. Health problems caused by sedentary lifestyles, pollution and injuries from road accidents come at great financial cost — not just for individuals, but also for employers and indeed national governments. Built environments designed to keep people active and away from harm are thus economically beneficial, too. Alisdair McGregor, Ann Marie Aguilar and Victoria Lockhart of Arup cite some of the company's recent schemes in New York and London that have successfully encouraged cycling, strolling and other healthy behaviours, while also avoiding contributing to climate change.     

基于生物多样性保育的山区乡村生态振兴模式探索 ——以武陵山区桥头镇为例

山区高环境空间异质性对于生物多样性维持具有重要支撑作用,生物多样性是乡村绿色发展的重要基础资源。生态振兴是山区乡村振兴的重要发展方向,其中生物多样性保育与可持续利用已成为乡村生态振兴的重要途径。西南武陵山区是中国生物多样性热点区域,丰富而独特的生物多样性为武陵山区乡村生态振兴奠定了良好基础。本文以地处武陵山区的重庆市石柱县桥头镇为例,基于其“林—草—湿”一体化的优良生态本底和丰富独特的山地生物多样性资源,针对山区立体环境特征、生态资源禀赋和生物多样性现状,在探讨其山地生物多样性特征的基础上,提出了基于生物多样性保育的乡村生态振兴目标、策略及模式,为山地区域从多空间维度、多时空尺度、多产业层次实现乡村生态振兴提供借鉴。     

基于GIS的祁连山东端冰雹灾害风险评估与区划

根据自然灾害系统理论和冰雹灾害风险评估的相关理论,选择冰雹多发地区的祁连山东端天祝藏族自治县为研究区,并基于天祝县和周边常规气象站观测资料、历史灾情资料和基础地理信息数据,探索和研究县级冰雹灾害风险区划的技术方法。通过分析致灾因子危险性、孕灾环境敏感性、承载体易损性以及防灾减灾能力4个指标,建立了冰雹灾害风险评估模型,并利用GIS(Geographic Information System)技术得到了天祝县冰雹灾害风险区划。结果显示:天祝藏族自治县冰雹灾害风险南高北低,其中华藏寺、东坪、石门、打柴沟大部及炭山岭和赛什斯的局部发生冰雹灾害的风险最高;哈溪、朵什、西大滩次之;松山的东部、旦马、祁连西南部为冰雹低风险区。     

青出于蓝而胜于蓝--王维、谢灵运山水诗之比较

谢灵运与王维在山水诗创作上有很多相似之处,但也有着各自的特点。着重论述两位诗人山水诗中所体现的理趣、画境的区别,以及王维对谢灵运在借鉴基础上的发展与创新。     

Using TDR Cables and GPS for Landslide Monitoring in High Mountain Area

Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is performed as a complement to the monitoring methods in subsurface deformation in slope together with the global positioning system (GPS) to monitor ground deformation of high-altitude landslides in Li-shan. Four TDR cables were installed in drill holes near the monitoring stations in the landslide area. According to the recorded TDR waveforms, there were shear and tensile zones under the B-5, B-9, C-1, and C-2 stations. A comparison of the TDR waveforms with the monitored data and boring log revealed that the subsurface sliding occurred between layers of colluvium and strongly weathered slate. Three GPS receivers were installed to measure ground displacement in the landslide area. The results from the GPS were compared with the surface extensometers data on-site. The two initial baseline lengths were 451,188.10 and 908,212.4?mm, respectively. The optimal data reduction achieved used a 3?h session with moving average for each hour’s GPS data. The standard deviation values of the GPS were 2.16 and 2.44?mm, respectively, on-site. The results of TDR and GPS measurements showed their applicability in the deformation monitoring of high-mountain landslides.