青年医学工作者科普能力培养新模式

为了培养青年医师运用医学科普语言传播医学知识的能力，向社会提供更优质、可及的健康知识，改善医患关系，促进社会和谐；同时出于向社区、媒体推送一批优秀青年医学科普人才的考虑，本文在总结北京协和医院培养青年医务人员医学科普能力经验的基础上，尝试构建一套适合大型公立医院（尤其是教学医院）培养青年医务人员医学科普能力的新模式——“科普训练营”。本文旨在系统介绍该模式的产生背景、实践经验及初期效果，阐释实施后的重要意义，及实施过程中的挑战与应对策略。     

职业与执业中外建筑师之辨

职业建筑师制度是建筑生产方式的产物．建筑服务的内容和标准程序是各国职业建筑师体系的重要内容。通过对比我国与国际上通行的几个职业体系,文章提出我国建筑师职能的全程化、全面化、专业化和建筑制度的透明化、合理化的改革方向．以及建筑制度创新的必要性。     

Design Errors: Inefficiency or Carelessness of Designer?

Design defects are experienced in many projects; the difference is only in the extent of occurrence. This technical note discusses a design error case in a building project in Nepal, where the designer made the wrong assumptions in roof treatment work for waterproofing as well as for heat insulation purposes. From the investigation of the problem, it was found that the waterproofing polymer was not applied directly over concrete slab top. Use of heavy concrete block as a heat insulation material also helped to increase the leakage problem. The problem evoked loss of prestige for project officials, the design consortium, and the contractor.     

流动的色彩--巴西著名设计师罗伯特·布雷·马克斯及其风景园林作品

20世纪中期,世界现代风景园林正经历分娩的阵痛,在南美国家巴西出现了一位让世界瞩目的设计大师,他用自己传奇的经历、独特的个性和不凡的艺术天赋带给世界园林景观新的元素、新的形式及新的艺术观,时至今日,他的影响仍波及世界的每个角落.     

Parametric 3D modeling of young women's lower bodies based on shape classification

Three-dimensional (3D) human body modeling is an important research direction in the field of clothing virtual design. On the basis of 3D human body scanning, this paper studied a method to build a 3D parametric lower body model according to body classification. The research includes three main parts. (1) Anthropometry and body shape classification. We randomly selected 333 young women ages 18–25 years old in Northeast China as the experimental sample. Then we divided the lower body shape into three categories using principal component analysis and K-means clustering. (2) Determination of feature cross sections and points, and reconstruction of feature curves. According to the average values of each body type, we obtained the mean reference body by Euclidean distance method. We determined feature cross sections and points, and extracted the 3D coordinates of the feature points of the mean reference body to reconstruct the feature curves. (3) The surface lofting and establishment of parametric 3D lower body model. According to the shape characteristics of the lower body, we constructed the guiding lines for the crotch and lower limbs, and established parametric lower body models for three body types.Relevance to industry3D human modeling is an important part of garment industry digitization. This research provides an effective way to construct a parametric 3D lower body model. The method offers a reference for the parametric virtual human modeling and virtual fitting of trousers.     

关于做好企业青年员工思想工作的思考

当前,中国石化集团江汉石油管理局钻井一公司青年员工思想工作存在着少数青工思想上缺乏对企业的归属感,一些青工敬业精神有待加强,一些青工自我调节情绪能力较差等问题。加强青年员工思想工作,就必须引导青年员工树立正确的思想观念;关注青年员工的心理需求;发挥榜样力量鼓励后进;加强技能培训提升青年员工素质;优化酬薪制度、搭建晋级平台。     

青年专业技术人才培养中存在的问题及建议

中国石化江汉油田分公司勘探开发研究院的青年专业技术人才培养中存在着工作压力大、生活压力大、人才结构不合理、成才环境有待提高等问题。要加快青年专业技术人才培养,就必须要加强人文关怀,着力培养青年专业技术人才的责任感;要把人才梯队建设与核心技术体系的完善捆绑在一起;要着力加大岗位交流和培训力度,进一步优化和调整青年专业技术人才结构;要着力完善考评使用机制,为青年人快速成长畅通渠道,营造公平公正的用人环境;要着力培养树立"优秀青年专业技术人才"典型,激发青年专业技术人才干事创业的积极性。     

青年馆员的力量

21世纪是一个信息化的知识经济时代,以计算机为代表的现代信息技术的开发利用,使图书馆发生了巨大的变革。青年馆员作为图书馆行业的新生力量,为图书馆带来了生机与活力。作为满足读者需求的重要保证,新时代的图书馆员既要拥有熟练应用图书馆相关信息技术的能力,还要拥有复合型知识结构。     

Factors contributing to young moped rider accidents in Denmark

Young road users still constitute a high-risk group with regard to road traffic accidents. The crash rate of a moped is four times greater than that of a motorcycle, and the likelihood of being injured in a road traffic accident is 10–20 times higher among moped riders compared to car drivers. Nevertheless, research on the behaviour and accident involvement of young moped riders remains sparse.Based on analysis of 128 accident protocols, the purpose of this study was to increase knowledge about moped accidents. The study was performed in Denmark involving riders aged 16 or 17. A distinction was made between accident factors related to (1) the road and its surroundings, (2) the vehicle, and (3) the reported behaviour and condition of the road user. Thirteen accident factors were identified with the majority concerning the reported behaviour and condition of the road user. The average number of accident factors assigned per accident was 2.7. Riding speed was assigned in 45% of the accidents which made it the most frequently assigned factor on the part of the moped rider followed by attention errors (42%), a tuned up moped (29%) and position on the road (14%). For the other parties involved, attention error (52%) was the most frequently assigned accident factor. The majority (78%) of the accidents involved road rule breaching on the part of the moped rider.The results indicate that preventive measures should aim to eliminate violations and increase anticipatory skills among moped riders and awareness of mopeds among other road users. Due to their young age the effect of such measures could be enhanced by infrastructural measures facilitating safe interaction between mopeds and other road users.     

Adopt,adapt, abandon: Understanding why some young adults start,and then stop,using instant messaging

Instant messaging (IM) has become a popular and important mode of staying in touch for teens and young adults. It allows for easy, frequent and lightweight interaction that contributes to building and sustaining friendships, as well as coordinating social activities. Despite the initial appeal of IM, however, some have found it too distracting and have changed their usage or abandoned it. I interviewed 21 former users of IM about their adoption, usage and eventual abandonment of the technology. Results show that participants were initially attracted to features of IM that enabled them to maximize their use of leisure time via easy and frequent interaction with their friends, but that, in a different usage context, these same features became distracting and annoying. Participants adapted their behavior to avoid these drawbacks, but IM did not support these adaptations effectively. In particular, IM did not allow for control over interruptions, which became more important as their contact lists grew and social time became scarce; and they ultimately abandoned the technology. These results point to a need for understanding use beyond adoption, and a theoretical and practical focus on understanding the adaptation and changing utility that accompany long-term usage of technologies.