Ion migration behavior and its interaction with sintering environment in cation conductor during flash sintering

Flash sintering has been reported in various ceramics. Nevertheless, anion and cation conductors exhibit different flash-sintering behaviors, and the interaction mechanism between the conductive species and the sintering environment has remained unclear. Herein, we report the flash-sintering phenomena of a typical cation conductor, Na₃Zr₂(SiO₄)₂(PO₄) with anode region surrounded by air and NaNO₃ environments. The results prove that the ionic behavior and joule heating distribution can be controlled by changing the electrode environment. Four possible scenarios describing the ion migration behavior and interaction with the environment are proposed for providing a guidance for controlling the ion interaction behavior during flash sintering.     

Motion trajectory prediction model of hydrogen leak and diffusion in a stable thermally-stratified environment

The motion trajectory of hydrogen leakage is an essential safe issue for the application of hydrogen energy. A dimensionless fast-running motion trajectory prediction model is proposed to predict the dispersion characteristics of the buoyant jet of hydrogen leakage for the accident. The impact of different leakage angles, leakage velocity and thermal stratification of ambient air on hydrogen leakage behavior was analyzed. The new developed model was verified by experimental results in literatures. Leakage hydrogen can flow upwards freely in a uniform environment. However, it shows an oscillating trajectory at a certain height in a thermally stratified environment, which is so called “locking phenomenon”. The trajectory of hydrogen leakage is upward and hydrogen gathers at the top of the space to form stratification in a uniform environment, while the hydrogen leakage shows an oscillating trajectory at a certain height in a thermal stratification environment. With the increase of Froude number Fr, it shows that the stable height and maximum height of the leakage airflow have a trend of rising first and then falling in a thermally stratified environment. The findings are expected to give guidance in real-world situations, for example, a larger Fr value and a larger temperature gradient can lead to a decrease in the stable height in the thermally stratified environment. It is found that the fitting of the stable height with different temperature gradients satisfies the power function relationship. This work is expected to be helpful for reducing hydrogen leakage accumulation and explosion risk.     

浅议生态环境监测机构的风险控制

现阶段,为了探索创新性的发展途径,生态环境监测机构应始终增强风险控制意识。应加强风险管理,立足于风险控制,以求不断健康发展。     

Relationship of cow and calf circulating lipidomes with colostrum lipid composition and metabolic status of the cow

Newborn calves rely on lipids in colostrum for energy and immune function. The lipid concentration in colostrum, however, is highly variable, and little is known about its composition and maternal factors that influence its composition. The first objective was to measure plasma lipid composition of multiparous cows at 35 d before calving (BC; 35 ± 3 d; ± standard deviation) and 7 d BC (7 ± 2 d), their colostrum, and serum lipid composition of calves (24 h after birth) using multiple reaction monitoring profiling, which is an exploratory and highly sensitive lipidomic analysis method that screens lipids based on chemical functionality. Second, data were analyzed to determine if there were relationships between circulating lipids in the cow, colostrum lipids, and calf serum lipids. Third, relationships between markers of metabolic status of the cows and circulating and colostrum lipids were analyzed with correlation analysis. Blood was sampled and plasma prepared from multiparous cows (n = 16) at 35 and 7 d BC. Within 3 h of parturition, colostrum was collected from cows and fed to her calf. Calves received another feeding of colostrum within 12 h after birth and a serum sample was collected from each calf 24 h after the first feeding of colostrum. The metabolic status of cows was evaluated using insulin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acid area under the curve in response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test performed at 3 wk BC. Lipids were extracted from plasma, colostrum, and calf serum and were analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring profiling. Concentration of lipids were calculated using spiked in standards and expressed as percent of lipids identified. Data were uploaded into MetaboAnalyst 5.0 for multivariate and univariate analysis. Principal component analysis indicated that circulating lipids in the cow and calf were distinct from lipids in colostrum. Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) concentration was greater in colostrum and calf serum than in cow plasma, with 23 of the 24 PG found in colostrum also found in calf serum. In response to intravenous glucose tolerance test in late gestation, nonesterified fatty acid area under the curve was positively related to total triacylglycerols lipids in 7 d BC plasma (r = 0.63) but negatively related to total membrane lipids in colostrum (r = ?0.55). Thus, the metabolic status of the dam influences circulating lipids and colostrum lipid content. Moreover, the circulating lipidome of the cow and calf are similar to one another and distinct from the colostrum lipidome, except for PG, where it appears that colostrum serves as the source for PG in the calf's circulation.     

陕北沙漠区浅埋厚煤层开采潜水位及生态响应

煤炭开采造成上覆岩层破裂、移动，破坏了矿区含（隔）水层结构，改变了地表水及地下水循环演化状态，对浅表层生态环境造成严重影响，引发一系列环境地质问题。为深入研究沙漠地区厚煤层开采给潜水位及生态环境造成的影响，以毛乌素沙漠金鸡滩矿为例，对水文地质条件进行了研究，采用数值模拟的方法，模拟了沙漠区厚煤层开采潜水位的变化，并通过采动潜水位监测数据验证了预测结果。调查分析了研究区及周边地表生态环境现状，预测采后潜水位基本满足植物生长需求，对生态环境影响不大。     

当代室内环境生态评估与生态审美价值观的传播

价值观的传播是一个缓慢的过程,在当前工业文明向生态文明过渡的时期,如何有效地提升民众的生态意识是值得探讨的问题。以生态审美意识传播为切入点,通过了解国内外主流的室内环境生态评估指标体系的前后变化,总结当前室内环境生态评估的变化趋势及其主要特征;从指标体系的变化中分析生态审美价值观的渗透方式,探讨当代室内环境生态评估对生态审美价值观传播的促进作用。最后,通过实验设定针对室内传统营造技艺应用的评估工具,并且在评估工具的使用过程中展示传播的模式与效用,通过评估反馈再一次验证室内环境生态评估对生态审美价值观的正向传播作用。     

中国无机盐工业发展现状及展望

建国70 a以来中国无机盐工业发展迅猛,取得了巨大成就,中国已成为世界上最大的无机盐生产、出口和消费国。分析了中国无机盐工业生产现状和进出口情况,指出行业存在大宗产品产能过剩、产品精细化率偏低、产业集中度和资源配置率偏低、矿产资源保障能力不足、节能减排任务重、自主创新能力弱等问题,并提出未来发展建议及发展方向。新能源用无机材料、无机粉体功能材料、5G通迅用无机材料、电子化学品和电镀化学品等专用化学品将是未来无机盐工业发展的热点。随着产业链现代化水平的不断提升,将会逐渐实现行业规模化、绿色发展与安全生产。     

Long-run urban dynamics: understanding local housing market change in London

Abstract

Recently, a literature has emerged using empirical techniques to study the evolution of international cities over many centuries; however, few studies examine long-run change within cities. Conventional models and concepts are not always appropriate and data issues make long-run neighbourhood analysis particularly problematic. This paper addresses some of these points. First, it discusses why the analysis of long-run urban change is important for modern urban policy and considers the most important concepts. Second, it constructs a novel data set at the micro level, which allows consistent comparisons of London neighbourhoods in 1881 and 2001. Third, the paper models some of the key factors that affected long-run change, including the role of housing. There is evidence that the relative social positions of local urban areas persist over time but, nevertheless, at fine spatial scales, local areas still exhibit change, arising from aggregate population dynamics, from advances in technology, and also from the effects of shocks, such as wars. In general, where small areas are considered, long-run changes are likely to be greater, because individuals are more mobile over short than long distances. Finally, the paper considers the implications for policy.     

高应力区沿空留巷围岩现状监测研究与分析

陈四楼矿计划实施沿空留巷的2802运输巷，断层较多，直接顶厚度较大，巷道矿压显现较为明显。针对顶板下沉、两帮外鼓、顶板淋水较大、巷道顶板受压破碎、金属网锈蚀严重、压脱锚杆较多、两帮位移较大等现象，提出在高应力区采用矿压监测的方法，通过对巷道变形现状进行的监测分析，对巷道破坏变形程度有了清晰的认识，对造成巷道破坏变形原因和影响因素有了详细的分析，根据注浆加固可改善围岩结构，提高围岩承载能力及锚杆、锚索锚固性能，是一种较为有效的围岩控制措施，确定了需要采用注浆加固的方式对进行巷道围岩破坏变形治理，并根据现场实际情况对注浆材料的性能提出了要求。     

基于二元水循环的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型开发与应用

为将我国最严格水资源管理制度的实践与二元水循环理论相结合，提高“三条红线”控制指标的科学性与合理性，本文以SWAT模型为基础，通过改进子流域划分方法、添加经济社会模块和人工用水模块，对其人工侧支循环模拟进行了系统的完善，开发了基于SWAT的水量-水质-水效联合调控模型SWAT_WAQER。以广西南流江流域为例，从国民经济用水量、河道径流与水质等方面对模型进行校验，并在此基础上划分了2030年“三条红线”控制指标。结果表明：该模型性能良好，能够用于不同节水情景下的国民经济用水量、污染物排放量、水功能区水质达标结果分析，可以作为科学制定“三条红线”控制指标的有力支撑工具。