高血压形成与发展的血流动力学分析

根据作者提出的血流动力学参数计算公式,研究了不同年令和不同血压下血流动力学参数的变化从中得出外周阻力的增高是高血压最主要的危险因素。并经理论分析和临床实测证实了这个结论。     

The effects of food essential oils on cardiovascular diseases: A review

Essential oils (EO) are complex secondary metabolites, which are produced by aromatic plants and identified by their powerful odors. Present studies on EO and their isolated ingredients have drawn the attention of researchers to screen these natural products and evaluate their effect on the cardiovascular system. Some EO, and their active ingredients, have been reported to improve the cardiovascular system significantly by affecting vaso-relaxation, and decreasing the heart rate and exert a hypotension activity. Several mechanisms have been proposed for the role of EO and their main active components in promoting the health of the cardiovascular system. The objective of this review is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the functional role of EO extracted from plants for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and their mechanisms of action. Research on EO has the potential to identify new bioactive compounds and formulate new functional products for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, angina pectoris, heart failure, and myocardial infarction.     

Conjugated fatty acids in food and their health benefits

Conjugated fatty acids (CFAs) are a mixture of positional and geometric isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids with conjugated double bonds. Reports indicate that CFAs have potent beneficial effects, including antitumor, antiobese, antiatherogenic and antidiabetic activities. The molecules have also been shown to prevent the onset of hypertension. Recent reports suggest that each CFA isomer has different functions, for example the 10trans,12cis isomer of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has anticarcinogenic, antiobese and antidiabetic effects, whereas the 9cis,11trans-CLA isomer exerts an anticancer effect. Although it would be interesting to know the effects of CFAs on humans, there are only few reports concerning the anticancer and antiobese effects of CLA in humans. More detailed evaluations of the physiological bioactivities of CFA isomers on lifestyle-related diseases in humans and animals will be of great interest in future studies.     

发达国家减盐行动的成功经验与启示

过量的食盐(钠)摄入量是国际公认的高血压发病主要危险因素之一。WHO逐渐重视减盐工作,一些发达国家陆续开展了减盐策略与行动,为世界各国提供了许多经验参考与借鉴。本文分析了国际减盐行动的策略和行动的成功经验,为我国开展减盐行动提供政策建议。     

花生肽对原发性高血压大鼠的降压作用

研究花生肽对原发性高血压大鼠（SHR）的降压作用。采用鼠尾体外间接血压测量方法,观察花生肽单次给药和连续给药对SHR大鼠血压的影响。单次给药后,花生肽组可以降低SHR大鼠的血压;连续给药14d,花生肽组可以稳定降低SHR大鼠的血压并维持在较稳定的水平。单次或连续给药花生肽均对SHR大鼠具有降低血压的效果。     

蛋源降血压肽研究进展

鸡蛋不仅是人们饮食营养的重要来源,而且还含有许多生物活性蛋白。鸡蛋活性蛋白经酶解后会产生许多具有生物活性的多肽,其中最重要的就是具有降血压活性的多肽。本文介绍了鸡蛋来源的降血压多肽的发现、特性、生产和分离及体内外活性,以期为国内相关研究提供参考。     

高血压病患者左心室向心性肥厚与颈动脉僵硬度的相关性研究

[摘 要] 目的 研究高血压患者颈动脉硬化与左心室向心性肥厚之间的相关性。方法 回顾性分析303例高血压患者作为研究对象,90例同龄健康自愿者作为对照组。患者进行超声心动图和颈动脉超声高分辨率回声跟踪检查。基于左心室质量指数(left ventricular mass index,LVMI)和相对壁厚(relative wall thickness,RWT)将高血压患者分成四个小组：正常几何构型(normal geometry,N, 57例), 向心性重构（concentric remodeling,CR, 48例),向心性肥厚(concentric hypertrophy, CH, 62例)和偏心肥厚(eccentric hypertrophy,EH,35例)。基于β硬化度（β）、杨氏弹性模量(Young elastic modulus,Ep)、动脉动脉顺应性(arterial compliance,AC)、单点脉搏波速度(one-point pulse wave velocity,PWVβ)和波反射增强指数(wave reflection augmentation index,AI)对患者左心室内中膜复合体壁厚度(Intima-media thickness,IMT)和动脉硬化度进行评估。结果 单变量分析结果显示β-硬化度> 8.4、杨氏弹性模量Ep > 136 kPa、局部单点脉搏波速度-β> 7.1 m / s、增加指数AI > 21.9%、收缩压> 151 mm Hg、脉压 > 54、IMT > 0.56及糖尿病与向心性肥厚显著相关。然而,多变量分析结果显示只有增加指数AI（OR=3.64,p = 0.04）,局部单点脉搏波速度-β> 7.1 m/s（OR=2.82,p = 0.013）,收缩压（OR=3.11,p = 0036）及糖尿病（OR=3.73,p = 0.007）与患者向心性肥厚独立相关。结论 高血压患者向心性肥厚与颈动脉硬化及波反射增强指数显著相关,而与收缩压和糖尿病独立相关。     

282例不同程度阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症合并高血压患者的临床资料回顾性分析

目的: 探讨不同程度阻塞型睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合症（obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome ,OSAHS）合并高血压患者对代谢、血管结构和功能及夜间睡眠各时期平均心率的影响。方法 收集2012-2016年在徐州市中心医院心血管内科住院筛查高血压病因的360例患者的临床资料,根据患者呼吸暂停低通气指数（apnea hypopnea index ,AHI）,分为单纯高血压组（AHI<5次/h）、高血压合并轻度OSAHS组（AHI5~<15次/h）、高血压合并中度OSAHS组（AHI16 ~<30次/h）、高血压合并重度OSAHS组（AHI>30次/h）4个组。整理4组患者年龄、腰围、血脂、空腹血糖、空腹胰岛素、超敏C反应蛋白、颈-股动脉脉搏波波速、颈动脉内中膜厚度、夜间多导睡眠监测(polysomnography, PSG)参数等临床资料。运用单因素方差分析及非参数检验上诉因素是否加重OSAHS程度及多重线性回归分析夜间睡眠各期心率与OSAHS的关系。结果 重度OSAHS合并高血压组年龄、身体质量指数、腰臀比、腰围身高比、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、超敏C反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗指数、颈—股动脉脉搏波波速、颈动脉内中膜厚度、AHI、平均血氧饱和度、最低血氧饱和度及全程、醒时、睡时、非眼球快速运动睡眠 (NREM) 期、浅睡期平均心率高于单纯高血压组;多重线性回归分析校正了混杂因素,夜间全程、醒时、睡时、NREM期、浅睡期平均心率都与AHI呈正相关（β=0.344, P=0.000;β=0.490,P=0.000;β=0.300,P=0.001;β=0.306,P=0.001;β=0.293,P=0.001）,与年龄呈负相关（β= -0.312, P=0.000;β= -0.345, P=0.000;β= -0.328,P=0.000;β=-0.331,P=0.000;β=-0.331,P=0.000;）结论 重度OSAHS加重高血压患者发生代谢紊乱及血管重构;全程、醒时、睡时、NREM期、浅睡期平均心率随着OSAHS病情加重而升高,随着年龄的增加而减慢。     

中性内肽酶及抑制剂在心血管疾病中的应用Role of NEP and NEPi in cardiovascular disease 郭亚男 杨海波 赵荫涛 张晋东 胡霞

中性内肽酶(NEP)又称脑啡肽酶,它是一个膜结合型带锌离子金属蛋白酶,最初从肾内皮刷状缘细胞分离出来。参与体内钠尿肽、β淀粉样蛋白、血管紧张素、内皮素、缓激肽等体内多种肽类物质的分解代谢,并与高血压、心力衰竭、阿尔茨海默病等多种疾病密切相关。随着对NEP在心血管疾病发病机制中认识的加深,新的治疗策略也不断翻新,从单纯的中性内肽酶抑制剂(NEPi)治疗高血压,到NEPi与ACEI结合治疗心衰及高血压,再到最近的NEPi联合ARB在治疗心力衰竭方面的成功应用,新的的治疗策略也不断跟进。本文就相关研究作如下综述。