基于ARAMIS体系的爆炸风险评价法及其应用

根据ARAMIS体系,提出针对爆炸事故的定量风险评估方法。采用蝴蝶结分析法(bow-tie法)定性分析事故原因及计算爆炸事故发生的概率,基于TNO多能法计算远场爆炸超压,计算超压严重度和装置脆弱度,确定爆炸风险值并绘制爆炸风险图。对某液化天然气罐区进行了实例计算,结果表明:基于ARAMIS体系的爆炸风险评估法的评价结果是合理的,且具有较好的应用前景。     

Environmental vulnerability assessment in the vicinity of an industrial site in the frame of ARAMIS European project

This work has been carried out in the framework of the ARAMIS project, which aims at developing a comprehensive procedure for assessing the risk level associated to an industrial site with respect to the surrounding environment. To this end, an index is defined which consists of the contribution of three terms, expressing the severity of the scenario consequences, the efficiency of the safety management and the vulnerability of the surrounding environment. The present work focuses on this last aspect concerning the determination of the vulnerability, of the area in the vicinity of an industrial site, of human, environmental (or natural) and material stakes. The applied methodology consists in identifying and quantifying the targets by the means of a geographical information system (GIS) and in assessing the contribution of each target on the basis of a multicriteria decision approach (Saaty method). The result is an operational tool allowing competent authorities, industrialists and risk experts to assess the vulnerability of the area surrounding an industrial site.     

微震 地音数据综合分析法初探

随着波兰EMAG公司生产的ARAMIS M/E微震监测系统和ARES-5/E地音监测系统的不断推广应用,相关知识和经验的逐渐积累,研究发现对ARAMIS M/E微震监测系统和ARES-5/E地音监测系统的监测数据进行综合处理,结合两者的优点,最终得到的分析结果更有利于指导矿井主要采动影响区域的冲击矿压防治工作。     

基于ARAMIS的搅拌摩擦焊焊接件拉伸试验分析

利用ARAMIS光学应变测量系统分析了搅拌摩擦焊焊接件在拉伸过程中的应变分布和不同位置处的应变变化曲线,结果表明,试验前300s应变变化较缓慢,处在均匀塑性应变阶段,应变从0增加到10%左右,而当300 s时出现颈缩后,进入非均匀集中塑性应变阶段,应变在100s内从10%增加到30%左右,最后在400 s时断裂;距焊缝越近,应变变化越剧烈,离焊缝较远处,应变变化曲线相对较平缓,最大应变出现在焊缝后退侧热影响区,达到31%,而焊核和前进侧的应变最大分别达到24%和16%.     

ARAMIS project: a comprehensive methodology for the identification of reference accident scenarios in process industries

In the frame of the Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for Industries (ARAMIS) project, this paper aims at presenting the work carried out in the part of the project devoted to the definition of accident scenarios. This topic is a key-point in risk assessment and serves as basis for the whole risk quantification.

The first result of the work is the building of a methodology for the identification of major accident hazards (MIMAH), which is carried out with the development of generic fault and event trees based on a typology of equipment and substances. The term “major accidents” must be understood as the worst accidents likely to occur on the equipment, assuming that no safety systems are installed.

A second methodology, called methodology for the identification of reference accident scenarios (MIRAS) takes into account the influence of safety systems on both the frequencies and possible consequences of accidents. This methodology leads to identify more realistic accident scenarios. The reference accident scenarios are chosen with the help of a tool called “risk matrix”, crossing the frequency and the consequences of accidents.

This paper presents both methodologies and an application on an ethylene oxide storage.     

The accidental risk assessment methodology for industries (ARAMIS)/layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology: A step forward towards convergent practices in risk assessment?

In the last ten years, layer of protection analysis (LOPA) emerged as a simplified form of quantitative risk assessment (QRA). The European Commission funded project Accidental Risk Assessment Methodology for Industries in the context of the Seveso 2 Directive (ARAMIS) has recently been completed. ARAMIS has several modules which give a consistent simplified approach to risk assessment which does not approach the complexity or expense of full QRA. LOPA is potentially a means of carrying out the assessment of barriers required in ARAMIS. This paper attempts to explain the principles of LOPA and the means by which it can be used within ARAMIS.     

ARAMIS project: a more explicit demonstration of risk control through the use of bow-tie diagrams and the evaluation of safety barrier performance

Over the last two decades a growing interest for risk analysis has been noted in the industries. The ARAMIS project has defined a methodology for risk assessment. This methodology has been built to help the industrialist to demonstrate that they have a sufficient risk control on their site.

Risk analysis consists first in the identification of all the major accidents, assuming that safety functions in place are inefficient. This step of identification of the major accidents uses bow–tie diagrams. Secondly, the safety barriers really implemented on the site are taken into account. The barriers are identified on the bow–ties. An evaluation of their performance (response time, efficiency, and level of confidence) is performed to validate that they are relevant for the expected safety function. At last, the evaluation of their probability of failure enables to assess the frequency of occurrence of the accident. The demonstration of the risk control based on a couple gravity/frequency of occurrence is also possible for all the accident scenarios.

During the risk analysis, a practical tool called risk graph is used to assess if the number and the reliability of the safety functions for a given cause are sufficient to reach a good risk control.     

Localized tensile strain distribution and metallurgy of electron beam welded Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr titanium alloys

The tensile properties, strain distribution, fracture mechanisms, and microstructure of electron beam welded Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr (Ti–5553) in the as-welded condition were investigated in order to evaluate the weldability of the titanium alloy. Rolled sheets of Ti–5553 were electron beam welded perpendicular to the rolling direction and sub-size tensile specimens were machined from the sheets. Tensile tests were conducted in conjunction with the use of a non-contact 3D image correlation photogrammetry system, ARAMIS, to determine the as-welded tensile properties as well as localized strain in the vicinity of the weld zone. Microstructural examination showed the fusion zone and heat affected zones consisted of large grains of retained β phase whereas the base metals consisted of α surrounding small β grains containing dispersed α precipitates. Tensile tests revealed that elongation at fracture in the as-welded condition was comparable to un-welded Ti–5553 while also revealing that the tensile strength was lower. Hardness profiles across the welds showed a decrease in average hardness from the base metals to the fusion zone. The decrease in hardness can be attributed to the large grain size, retained β phase, and loss of Al during welding. Fracture occurred in the weld zone and was primarily due to microvoid coalescence. These results indicate that Ti–5553 is readily weldable and displays reasonable properties in the as-welded condition.