Formation of uniform GaAs multi-atomic steps with 20–30 nm periodicity and related structures on vicinal (111)B planes by MBE

We studied morphology of GaAs surfaces and the transport properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) on vicinal (111)B planes. Multi-atomic steps (MASs) are found on the vicinal (111)B facet grown by molecular beam epitaxy, which will affect electron transport on the facet. We also studied how the morphology of GaAs epilayers on vicinal (111)B substrates depends on growth conditions, especially on the As₄ flux. The uniformity of MASs on the substrates have been improved and smooth surfaces were obtained when the GaAs was grown with high As₄ flux, providing step periodicity of 20 nm. The channel resistance of the 2DEG perpendicular to the MASs is reduced drastically with this smooth morphology. These findings are valuable not only for fabricating quantum devices on the (111)B facets but also those on the vicinal (111)B substrates.     

A new approach to the mechanism of chlorine evolution: Separate examination of the kinetic steps using ac impedance on a rotating thin ring electrode

In the absence of a bulk diffusion effect, it is shown for the first time that the impedance spectra for the chlorine evolution reaction on a rotating thin ring electrode comprise three consecutive semicircles in the capacitive half of the complex plane. The first (highest frequency) semicircle is due to the charge-transfer resistance for chloride discharge and the simultaneous chlorine adsorption coupled to the double-layer capacitance. The second semicircle (around 5 Hz) is due to the adsorption and desorption of a chlorine intermediate. The third (lowest frequency, around 0.5 Hz) semicircle is due to the relaxation of surface oxygen species. The impedance data allow the steps of the overall reaction to be examined individually. On a Pt surface the rate of chloride discharge and simultaneous chlorine adsorption (the admittance of the first semicircle) is first order with respect to chloride concentration and has a potential-dependence close to 58 mV/decade. The rate of the adsorption and desorption process (the admittance of the second semicircle) is second order with respect to chloride concentration, and has a potential dependence close to 30 mV/decade. The time constant for the adsorption/desorption processes is ca 20 ms, independent of electrode potential in the range studied. These features are consistent with a mechanism in which a faster discharge reaction (Cl⁻ Cl_ad + e) is followed by a slower surface combination reaction (2Cl_ad → Cl₂), but inconsistent with mechanisms in which ion + atom desorption is predominant, the initial chloride discharge is slow, or a unipositively charged chlorine species is involved.     

注塑整圆内侧倒扣塑料件的分步抽芯法

针对具有整圆内侧倒扣特征的塑料件,设计了一种新型的注塑模具分步抽芯机构,并使用Pro/Mechanism软件对该机构进行了运动模拟仿真,证明该分步抽芯机构的设计是切实可行的。     

基于遗传算法的最优化问题求解

遗传算法是一种有效的解决最优化问题的方法,在解决复杂的全局优化问题方面,遗传算法已得到了成功的应用。对遗传算法的基本步骤进行总结,通过最优化问题求解实例描述了遗传算法的具体运行过程,包括产生初始染色体、染色体评价、选择、交叉、变异等。分别应用VC和VB两种语言进行编程实现,结果表明,VC语言在运算效率和结果优度方面均比VB语言要好。     

电影档案中亮度闪烁的修正

针对图像序列中存在亮度闪烁问题,提出一种基于运动补偿的闪烁修正方法,采用三步搜索算法对图像序列进行运动估计,准确地检测出运动区域。运用阈值法对闪烁进行判断,避免非亮度闪烁的误检测。实验结果表明,在准确地修正亮度闪烁的同时,保留原有影片所具有的亮度变化特征。与以往亮度闪烁修正方法相比,在保证影片正常视觉效果的同时缩短了修正时间。     

行为时态逻辑TLA定理系统证明及公平性研究

行为时态逻辑TLA(temporal logic of actions)能够在一种语言中同时表达模型程序与逻辑规则,是目前模型检测技术中一个较新的研究方向.为了理解行为时态逻辑与传统时态逻辑之间的理论联系,研究了时态逻辑的语义和定理系统,并根据行为时态逻辑TLA的自身特征指出了TLA中的行为属于时态逻辑T4系统.在此基础上严格的证明了TIA的定理系统及TLA中强公平性蕴涵弱公平性的重要性质,讨论了强公平性与弱公平性等价的条件.最后以实例说明了如何确定动作的强弱公平性,进而建立系统的TLA模型.     

Overview of the applications of thermodynamic databases to steelmaking processes

Computerized thermodynamic databases for solid and liquid steel, slags and solid oxide solutions, for large numbers of components, have been developed over the last three decades by critical evaluation/optimization of all available phase equilibrium and thermodynamic data. The databases contain model parameters specifically developed for molten slags, liquid and solid steel and solid oxide solutions. With user-friendly software, which accesses these databases, complex chemical reactions and phase equilibria occurring throughout the steelmaking process can be calculated over wide ranges of temperature, oxygen potential and pressure. In the present article, the thermodynamic models and databases for molten slag and liquid steel included in well-known thermochemical packages and their applications to complex steelmaking processes involving molten slag, steel, inclusions, refractories and gases are reviewed.     

从“三段式”走向综合化教学——论工业设计教学模式的转变

在工业设计的教学模式中,由造型基础、设计基础、专业设计三大块组成的"三段式"的教学方法是至今仍被高校普遍采用的教学模式。而这种按部就班的教学方法显然已经不适应当今社会对设计人才知识结构的需求。本文由此提出以课题设计为中心的综合化教学模式,以期优化工业设计课程的知识结构,在培养设计人才上更为有效合理。     

网络安全协议的规范化研究

通过分析目前协议存在难以确定是否存在攻击和安全缺陷的不足,提炼并定义了4种安全协议范式,通过示例演示了非范式协议如何逐步向各级别范式转换的过程．最后归纳了协议规范化的基本步骤。     

Web软件的易用性测试探究

随着网络技术在软件方面的广泛应用,Web软件以其方便、快速、易操作等特点成为软件开发的重点。作为与用户交互的主要特性,易用性也随之成为Web软件关注的热点,而易用性测试也为越来越多的人所重视。根据Web软件的特点,对Web软件的易用性测试标准、如何进行Web软件易用性测试以及易用性测试的具体操作步骤进行了探讨。