二次再热机组烟气余热利用与抽汽参数优化研究

对某1 000 MW二次再热机组应用遗传算法进行余热利用和抽汽的整体优化。余热利用方式选择两种:方案1,低压回热加热器之间引入低温烟水换热器;方案2,采用空气预热器分级布置,在水侧高温烟水换热器与1~#高压加热器并联在烟气侧高温烟水换热器与高温空气预热器并联,出口烟气汇合后进入低温空气预热器。结果表明,机组在余热利用后对最佳抽汽口位置有很大影响;采用方案2整体优化后发电功率增加最明显,可以使机组发电功率增大21 170 kW,发电效率比单独优化提升明显。此外,研究表明,在锅炉烟气余热利用时需要余热和回热同步优化。     

High Temperature Oxidation of Steels in Air and CO2–O2 Atmosphere

Three kinds of hot rolled steel slabs, viz. high strength steel, bake hardened steel and low carbon steel, were oxidized isothermally between 1100 and 1250 °C for up to 2 hr in 1 atm of air and an 85%N₂–10%CO₂–5%O₂ gas mixture. The steels were oxidized in a similar fashion in both the atmospheres. The oxidation process followed an initial linear rate law, which then gradually transformed to a nearly parabolic rate law. Thick, porous and nonadherent scales formed rapidly, due to the high oxidation temperature. The scales formed consisted of Fe₂O₃,(Fe₂O₃+Fe₃O₄), (Fe₃O₄+Fe₂O₃ +FeO) and (FeO+Fe₃O₄) from the outer surface. The presence of supersaturated oxygen beneath the scale resulted in grain boundary oxidation and the formation of internal oxide precipitates.     

高压汽轮机汽缸调门座裂纹的挖补处理

崇明电力公司16号汽轮机调门座发生裂纹后，通过对该阀门座合金钢材料焊接性、再热裂纹敏感性的理论分析，为现场焊补工艺提供了预热湿度和焊后热处理的工艺依据。论文叙述了在现场施焊工艺中选择了与母材化学成分基本相同的超低氢电焊条和其它严格的焊接的工艺措施，确保了优质焊接质量。实践证明，采用此种焊接工艺方法是现实和可行的。     

以总能系统观点与用热终端高效化为特征的大中型火电机组联产供热系统新模式

以总能系统观点为指导,本文把联产供热系统视为由六个子系统组成,提出了各子系统火用效率的计算方法和这些效率对供热煤耗和成本的影响,并在此基础上提出了能适用于大中型火电机组的热电联产供热系统的新模式。新模式以用热终端高效化为特征,带动提高一系列子系统的火用效率,并把行之有效的,但一般是小规模孤立使用的现代化节能技术与节能设备,大规模地有机地与热电联产系统融为一体,扩大热网水的降温幅度,对热网水低品位能量进行梯级利用,形成采暖节能与增供电力相互促进相得益彰的机制,使联产供热的煤耗和供热成本大幅度地降低。文中结合世界技术现状和我国经济发展阶段分析了新模式的现实可行性。     

二次再热机组的定热量等效热降矩阵方程

基于定热量等效热降理论,结合矩阵法,导出了二次再热机组的定热量等效热降矩阵方程,应用该方程无须另列吸热量方程和功率方程的情况下便能完成二次再热机组的热经济性分析,从而为此类机组热力系统的经济性定量分析提供了新方法,扩展了定热量等效热降理论的应用范围。通过实例计算验证了本文计算模型的可靠性,具有通用、精确和适于计算机计算的特点。     

二次再热火电机组热力系统热经济性矩阵分析方法

结合等效热降理论和矩阵,经过理论分析,给出了适于二次再热机组热力系统经济性定量分析的扩展型能效分布矩阵方程。通过实例进行验证,表明基于该矩阵方程的分析方法适用于一次、二次再热机组的热经济分析计算,具有通用、精确和适于计算机计算的特点。     

汽轮机再热后级内颗粒冲蚀特性

汽轮机再热后级内叶片受到固体颗粒冲蚀,严重影响着汽轮机的安全经济运行。以某超临界汽轮机再热后第1+1/2级(第一级与相邻级的喷嘴)扭叶片为研究对象,通过拉格朗日法模拟不同粒径颗粒三维运动轨迹,并采用Finnie冲蚀模型,研究不同动静轴向间隙及不同负荷下颗粒对叶片的冲蚀特性。结果表明,由于动叶高速旋转,颗粒撞击到动叶时会获得与主流方向相反的速度,进而又反弹回静叶。较大粒径颗粒在动静叶片轴向间隙内"反复反弹"是造成再热后级内冲蚀的主要原因。适当增大动静轴向间隙可以有效地减少反弹回静叶的颗粒数量。当动静轴向间隙为5 mm时,反弹回静叶的颗粒为10%,轴向间隙增大为8 mm时,没有颗粒反弹回静叶。当机组负荷降低时,固体颗粒撞击叶片后的反弹角增大、反弹回静叶的数量增多,颗粒在动叶和下级静叶轴向间隙内反弹后,只有极少颗粒能够流出下级静叶。     

Second law analysis of a natural gas‐fired gas turbine cogeneration system

The influence of operating conditions such as reheat, intercooling, ambient temperature and pressure ratio are analyzed from a second law perspective on the performance of a natural gas‐fired gas turbine cogeneration system. The effect of these operating parameters on carbon dioxide emissions is also discussed. The second law efficiency of gas turbine cogeneration system increases markedly with reheat option. Higher pressure ratios lead to decreased second law cogeneration efficiency but this effect can be reduced with a higher level of reheat option. The effect of intercooling on second law efficiency is strongly related to pressure ratio with higher pressure ratios significantly decreasing efficiency. The second law efficiency is not so sensitive to the environment temperature for levels of reheat or intercooling greater than 50%. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

湿法脱硫烟气再加热问题的探讨

介绍了几种主要的湿法脱硫烟气再加热的方法,并对其技术特点进行了分析,针对湿法脱硫后的烟气是否必须经过加热才能排放以及烟气再加热方式的选择,提出了笔者的观点。     

Thermodynamic performance assessment of an indirect intercooled reheat regenerative gas turbine cycle with inlet air cooling and evaporative aftercooling of the compressor discharge

This study provides a computational analysis to investigate the effects of cycle pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature (TIT), and ambient relative humidity (φ) on the thermodynamic performance of an indirect intercooled reheat regenerative gas turbine cycle with indirect evaporative cooling of the inlet air and evaporative aftercooling of the compressor discharge. Combined first and second‐law analysis indicates that the exergy destruction in various components of gas turbine cycles is significantly affected by compressor pressure ratio and turbine inlet temperature, and is not at all affected by ambient relative humidity. It also indicates that the maximum exergy is destroyed in the combustion chamber; which represents over 60% of the total exergy destruction in the overall system. The net work output, first‐law efficiency, and the second‐law efficiency of the cycle significantly varies with the change in the pressure ratio, turbine inlet temperature and ambient relative humidity. Results clearly shows that performance evaluation based on first‐law analysis alone is not adequate, and hence more meaningful evaluation must include second‐law analysis. Decision makers should find the methodology contained in this paper useful in the comparison and selection of gas turbine systems. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.