三种氮素营养快速诊断方法在油菜上的适宜性分析

通过大田试验研究SPAD仪（叶绿素仪）法、硝酸盐反射仪法和光谱仪法在油菜氮素营养快速诊断上的适宜性。试验设施氮0、60、120、180、240、300和400kg/hm2处理,在八叶期、十叶期和蕾薹期对各处理SPAD值、冠层归一化植被指数（NDVI值）和硝酸盐含量进行检测,并测定各时期油菜生物量和收获期籽粒产量。对不同施氮量下的油菜产量进行显著性检验及方程拟合,并对三种诊断方法各测定指标与氮肥用量、籽粒产量进行相关分析。结果表明,油菜施氮量与籽粒产量具有较好的相关关系,满足进行氮素营养快速诊断要求。三种诊断方法中,硝酸盐反射仪法能在一定程度上反映油菜氮素营养状况,但受油菜生理特性（苗期生物量小、蕾薹期氮素奢侈性吸收等）影响,诊断结果的可信度和稳定性不高。光谱仪法比较适宜于油菜蕾薹期氮素营养诊断,但存在追肥时期过晚、操作不方便等缺点。综合分析认为,SPAD仪法诊断结果稳定,并且具有快速、简便、低耗等优点,适合于油菜氮素营养快速诊断。     

Technology advances in sugarcane propagation: A patent citation study

Sugarcane propagation technologies have, in recent years, been the focus of interest of large corporations involved in the sugar and ethanol business. The objective of this study is to present the methodology used to identify the technology domain found in different sugarcane propagation technologies. The methodology was based on the bibliometric analysis of patents, including a meticulous selection of the most representative technologies used by the sugarcane market and the application of patent citation. The results report the process developed to identify a novel technology domain of high complexity involving different fields of science resulting in a set of sugar cane propagation technologies and show that the main technology advances have happened in the last decade (2005–2015), especially in seedling containers and the use of chemical compounds for seedling treatment. Further studies are recommended to help understand how these new technologies will impact the sugarcane production-chain in Brazil.     

Variation in contents of phenolic compounds during growth and post-harvest storage of pigeon pea seedlings

The variation in contents of seven phenolic compounds in pigeon pea seedlings during growth and storage was investigated. Maximum contents of vitexin, isovitexin and orientin were found in leaves growing 40 days, which were 0.99 ± 0.06, 6.63 ± 0.35 and 30.89 ± 1.92 mg/g DW. Apigenin and luteolin were extensively distributed in leaves, stems and roots. Pinostrobin and cajaninstilbene acid were mainly accumulated in leaves, the peak values 3.53 ± 0.18 and 2.49 ± 0.13 mg/g DW appeared at the 60th day. Slight and steady increases of seven phenolic compounds were found in room temperature (25 °C) stored pigeon pea leaves up to 120 days. The highest accumulation of seven phenolic compounds at chilling temperature (4 °C) was observed at the 45th day, after which the contents decreased sharply. The stems extracts exhibited more efficient DPPH radical-scavenging ability while the roots extracts demonstrated the strongest lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity.     

基质对葡萄胚培苗移栽成活率的影响

研究了不同杂交组合在不同基质条件下的胚培苗移栽成活率。结果表明:在草炭:蛭石:园土:马粪(5:1:1:1),附加200g蔬菜壮苗母剂的母质中成活率达到了84%以上。并分析了影响成活率的原因。     

盐胁迫对油菜幼苗离子吸收和分配的影响

以宝杂油1号和本课题组选育品系南盐油11号为材料,比较了100和200mmol·L-1NaCl胁迫10d对两个甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品种（系）幼苗生长及其离子吸收和分配的效应。结果表明,盐胁迫明显抑制油菜幼苗的生长,其中南盐油11号的耐盐性明显高于宝杂油1号。盐胁迫导致植株盐分（Na＋、Cl-）含量上升,地上部Na＋、Cl-积累明显高于根系;植株体内K＋、Ca2＋含量明显降低。盐胁迫下,维持体内较高的K＋/Na＋、Ca2＋/Na＋比率,维持较高的SK,Na、SCa,Na（离子吸收和运输的K＋、Ca2＋、Na＋选择性比率）是南盐油11号耐盐性高于宝杂油1号的重要原因。     

Impact of germination on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 13 edible seed species

The aim of this work was to test 13 edible seeds for the levels of phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity (TAC) at different germination states (dormant, imbibed and 7d sprouts). Selected seeds included mungbean, alfalfa, fava, fenugreek, mustard, wheat, broccoli, sunflower, soybean, radish, kale, lentil and onion. Accumulated phenolics (mg chlorogenic acid equivalent, CAE) and TAC (μg Trolox equivalent) on dry basis (DB) showed the general trend distribution of 7d sprouts > dormant seeds > imbibed seeds. In addition, the specific TAC (μg Trolox mg⁻¹ CAE) increased only for imbibed seeds indicating a possible protection effect of the phenolic antioxidants to the emerging sprouts. Phenolic contents of 7d sprouts (DB) ranged from 490 (lentil) to 5676 (mustard) mg CAE 100 g⁻¹. Seven day sunflower sprouts had higher TAC on a DB (40202 μg Trolox g⁻¹) compared to other seeds (1456–25991) and a blueberry reference (35232). Increases in phenolics (DB) from dormant seed to 7d sprout differ among seeds, ranging from 2010% (mungbean) to −11% (kale), while increases in TAC (DB) ranged from 1928% (mungbean) to 0% (lentil). This study shows that germinated edible seeds are an excellent source of dietary phenolic antioxidants.     

Evaluation of nitrogen content in cabbage seedlings using hyper-spectral images

Monitoring of nutrient status of crops is essential for better management of crop production. Nitrogen is one of the most important elements in fertilizer for the growth and yield of vegetable crops. In this study, nitrogen content of cabbage seedlings was evaluated using hyper-spectral images. Cabbage seedlings, cultured at five nitrogen fertilization levels, were planted in the 128-cell plug trays and grown in a phytotron at National Taiwan University. The images, ranged from 410 to 1,090 nm, of cabbage seedlings were analyzed by a hyper-spectral imaging system consisting of CCD cameras with liquid crystal tunable filters (LCTF), which was developed in this study. The digital images of seedling canopies were processed including image segmentation, gray level calibration and absorbance conversion. Models including modified partial least square regression (MPLSR), step-wise multi-linear regression (SMLR) and artificial neural network with cross-learning strategy (ANN-CL) were developed for the determination of the nitrogen content in cabbage seedlings. The three significant wavelengths derived from SMLR model are 470, 710, and 1,080; and the best result is obtained by ANN-CL model, in which r_c = 0.89, SEC = 6.41 mg/g, r_v = 0.87, and SEV = 6.96 mg/g. The ANN-CL model is more suitable for the remote sensing in precision agriculture applications because not only its model accuracy but also only 3 wavelengths are needed. This paper has been presented in the conference on “Optics for Natural Resources, Agriculture, and Foods II”, this conference is part of the SPIE Optics East event which was held 9–12 September 2007 at the Seaport World Trade Center in Boston, Massachusetts USA.     

除草地膜全覆盖技术对海蔗22号苗期生长的影响

研究甘蔗除草地膜全覆盖、普通地膜和不盖膜种植条件下防除杂草和海蔗22号苗期生长的影响。试验结果表明,甘蔗除草地膜全覆盖技术对杂草防除效果显著,特别是对牛筋草防效达到85%以上。普通地膜不利于防除杂草。地膜全覆盖技术能够增加海蔗22号分蘖,促进甘蔗苗期生长,除草地膜全覆盖技术促进效果更显著。在海蔗22号推广种植中,可结合使用除草地膜全覆盖技术,发挥海蔗22号苗期高产优势。     

He-Ne激光辐射对玉米幼苗α–淀粉酶和磷酸化酶的影响

用功率密度为2.83 mW/mm2,3.95 mW/mm2的He-Ne激光辐射玉米干种子,辐射时间分别为5s、50s和500s.采收二叶期、三叶期幼苗作为试验材料,测试结果表明,经激光辐射后α–淀粉酶和磷酸化酶活性提高,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得到的α–淀粉酶同工酶酶谱,谱带数目增多,峰面积增加.揭示了激光辐射可以改变植物体内的糖代谢,进一步验证He-Ne激光辐射对生物体影响存在一个最佳剂量.     

如何合理编制园林绿化工程的施工图预算

本文根据笔者多年的工作实践,从熟悉图纸,了解现场、正确区分苗木类别、熟悉定额、掌握市场行情、熟悉和了解工程所在地的习惯做法、及时了解新政策新规定等方面阐述了如何合理编制园林绿化工程的施工图预算。