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1.
The present study explores the relation among 4 personality traits associated with impulsive behavior and alcohol abuse. Personality traits were measured using the 4 subscales of the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS: S. P. Whiteside & D. R. Lynam. 2001). The UPPS and measures of psychopathology were administered to clinical samples of alcohol abusers high in antisocial personality traits (AAPD), alcohol abusers low in antisocial personality traits (AA), and a control group (total N = 60). Separate analyses of variance indicated that AAPDs had significant elevations on all 4 UPPS scales, whereas the AAs and controls differed only on the Urgency subscale. However, when controlling for psychopathology, group differences on the UPPS scales disappeared. The results suggest that personality traits related to impulsive behavior are not directly related to alcohol abuse but rather are associated with the elevated levels of psychopathology found in a subtype of alcohol abusers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Comments on the original article "A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles for an Integrative Science of Personality," by Dan P. McAdams and Jennifer L. Pals (see record 2006-03947-002). McAdams and Pals (April 2006) presented a new model to integrate the field of personality psychology. Cultural and evolutionary factors interact with an individual's basic traits, characteristic adaptations, and life narratives, which in turn are linked to roles, demands, and behaviors. The current authors welcome McAdams and Pals's (2006) model for providing a way to integrate much of the previously disparate empirical findings in personality psychology. However, the current authors also think that McAdams and Pals (2006) overstated the inclusiveness of the model, and more generally, the current authors dispute their assertion that the grand theories of personality can be integrated within a single model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
3.
Ten areas of health knowledge were investigated in 2 studies, 1 of college students (N=169) and 1 of adults from the community (ages 19-70; N=176). Measures assessed knowledge of aging, orthopedic/ dermatological concerns, common illnesses, childhood/early life, serious illnesses, mental health, nutrition, reproduction, safety, and treatment of illness/disease. Significant gender differences favoring women were found for most areas of health knowledge, especially reproduction and early life. Results showed that cognitive ability accounted for the most variance in health knowledge with nonability (personality and interest traits) and demographic variables accounting for smaller but significant amounts of variance across most knowledge domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
4.
Huang He Yan-Fei Zhou Yu-Wei Yang Zhi Zhang Meng-Qi Lei Yan-Zhao Feng Yu-Chan Zhang Yue-Qin Chen Jian-Ping Lian Yang Yu 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Crop domestication, which gives rise to a number of desirable agronomic traits, represents a typical model system of plant evolution. Numerous genomic evidence has proven that noncoding RNAs such as microRNAs and phasiRNAs, as well as protein-coding genes, are selected during crop domestication. However, limited data shows plant long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are also involved in this biological process. In this study, we performed strand-specific RNA sequencing of cultivated rice Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and O. sativa ssp. indica, and their wild progenitor O. rufipogon. We identified a total of 8528 lncRNAs, including 4072 lncRNAs in O. rufipogon, 2091 lncRNAs in japonica rice, and 2365 lncRNAs in indica rice. The lncRNAs expressed in wild rice were revealed to be shorter in length and had fewer exon numbers when compared with lncRNAs from cultivated rice. We also identified a number of conserved lncRNAs in the wild and cultivated rice. The functional study demonstrated that several of these conserved lncRNAs are associated with domestication-related traits in rice. Our findings revealed the feature and conservation of lncRNAs during rice domestication and will further promote functional studies of lncRNAs in rice. 相似文献
5.
大学生求学满意度实证研究--某高校学生个体特征对满意度单项要素的影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
求学满意度,又称为求学满意程度,它取决于教育需求主体对教育服务的预期同其实际所感知的教育服务水平的对比。教学计划、教学组织、教师教学、教学设施、校园环境、学生5知识技能等都是影响求学满意度的因素。本文在调查取得基本数据的基础上,使用相关的统计检验方法,分析了性别、生源地和不同年级这些学生个体地征对求学满意度单项要素的影响。主要结论有:学生性别差异对满意度单项要素的影响基本是随机的;不同生源地的学生对教学计划和管理制度两个要素的评价具有差异;不同年级的学生对教学设施和知识掌握程度的评价具有显著性差异;学生对学校服务评价单项因素差异很少,总体满意度在一定程度上反应学校的实际情况。 相似文献
6.
In observation-cage experiments some new contact kairomones for the egg parasiteTrichogramma evanescens Westwood are demonstrated.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves treated with the wing scales of two hosts,Pieris brassicae L. andP. rapae L. Further, egg washes ofP. brassicae containing an oviposition deterrent pheromone for the butterflies, were found to have a contact-kairomonal effect on the parasite.T. evanescens females search significantly longer on cabbage leaves sprayed with a methanol or water wash ofP. brassicae eggs than on leaves treated with the solvent only.Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae.Lepidoptera: Pieridae. 相似文献
7.
Fourteen volatile compounds occurring in leaf trichomes of yellow squash (Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Early Prolific Straightneck) were identified. These compounds accounted for 83.5% of the volatile matrix. Ubiquitous constituents of the epidermis (myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids,n-tricosane, andn-pentacosane) accounted for 73.7%; these compounds were not bioassayed. The volatileso-,m-, andp-xylene, toluene, 2-heptanone, (R)-(+)- and (S)-(–)-limonene, and germacrene D were tested for their influence on attraction and oviposition by the pickleworm moth (Diaphania nitidalis Stoll.). No single compound, except germacrene D, was attractive. (R)-(+)-Limonene and 2-heptanone were weakly repellent. Mixtures of the highly volatile fractions were as attractive as volatiles emanating from whole, intact leaves. Oviposition levels on treated artificial sites corresponded with levels of visitation. Oviposition was significantly stimulated by whole-leaf volatiles, and (S)-(–)-limonene caused a slight but significant reduction.Mention of a trade name or proprietary product does not constitute a warranty or guarantee by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does it imply exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. 相似文献
8.
Chemical mediation of egg capsule deposition by mud snails 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mud snails (Ilyanassa obsoleta = Nassarius obsoletus = Nassa obsoleta) deposit eggs in protective capsules on hard substrata in soft bottom environments. We studied sites of egg capsule deposition and snail movement responses to odors to determine if chemoreception plays a role in deposition site selection. From results of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and field experiments, we conclude that mud snails use chemoreception for capsule deposition. Attractive odors originate from mud snail and whelk egg capsules and from living bivalves. Evidence for attractive odors from conspecifics is equivocal. Capsules are deposited on living odor sources and nearby hard substrates. We hypothesize that deposition of capsules on living substrates increases the likelihood that embryos will survive by decreasing the chance of smothering of embryos by sediments. 相似文献
9.
C. A. M. van Turnhout R. S. E. W. Leuven A. J. Hendriks G. Kurstjens A. van Strien R. P. B. Foppen H. Siepel 《河流研究与利用》2012,28(3):269-282
To improve the ecological functioning of riverine ecosystems, large‐scale floodplain rehabilitation has been carried out in the Rhine–Meuse Delta since the 1990s. This paper evaluates changes in abundance of 93 breeding bird species over a period of 10 years in response to rehabilitation, by comparing population changes in 75 rehabilitated sites with 124 non‐rehabilitated reference sites. Such quantitative, multi‐species, large‐scale and long‐term evaluations of floodplain rehabilitation on biodiversity are still scarce, particularly studies that focus on the terrestrial component. We try to understand the effects by relating population trends to ecological and life‐history traits and strategies of breeding birds. More specifically, we try to answer the question whether rehabilitation of vegetation succession or hydro‐geomorphological river processes is the key driver behind recent population changes in rehabilitated sites. Populations of 35 species have significantly performed better in rehabilitated sites compared to non‐rehabilitated floodplains, whereas only 8 have responded negatively to rehabilitation. Differences in effects between species are best explained by the trait selection of nest location. Reproductive investment and migratory behaviour were less strong predictors. Based on these three traits we defined eight life‐history strategies that successfully captured a substantial amount of variation in rehabilitation effects. We conclude that spontaneous vegetation succession and initial excavations are currently more important drivers of population changes than rehabilitation of hydrodynamics. The latter are strongly constrained by river regulation. If rehabilitation of hydro‐geomorphological processes remains incomplete in future, artificial cyclic floodplain rejuvenation will be necessary for sustainable conservation of characteristic river birds. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
随机选取136只壳形完整的3龄池塘底播养殖毛蚶(雌性71只,雄性65只),测定其壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量和软体部质量,分别计算相关系数以及以壳性状为自变量对质量性状作依变量的通径系数、决定系数及相关指数。结果表明:毛蚶壳性状与质量性状的相关系数均达到极显著水平(P〈0.01);壳长、壳高、壳宽是影响雌性与混合组体质量的主要因素,壳长、壳宽是影响雄性体质量的主要因素;影响毛蚶软体部质量的主要因素是壳长、壳高,壳宽的作用不显著;决定系数分析结果与通径分析结果有基本一致的变化趋势。多元逐步回归分析建立了壳性状对体质量、软体部质量的回归方程,为毛蚶选育提供了理论依据和理想的测度指标。 相似文献