高赖氨酸玉米的生化与生物效应研究

沈阳农学院于1973年由北京引入高赖氨酸玉米种质,开始培育高赖氨酸玉米杂交种。至1978年培育成功。经多次生化分析,赖氨酸含量在0.4％(占全胚乳)以上,醇溶蛋白质在28.8％以下;经多次试种,比普通玉米对照减产控制在10％以内。1983～1985年在石山、海城、建平和辽阳五点次120头猪.348只肉用鸡上作饲养试验,证实了高赖氨酸玉米的生物效应和经济效益都十分明显。     

Performance, carcass, gastrointestinal tract and meat quality traits, and selected blood parameters of broilers fed diets supplemented with humic substances

BACKGROUND: The effects of humic substances (HS) on quality traits (colour, water‐holding capacity, and pH) of breast and thigh meats and on blood minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and on metabolites (glucose, total protein, triglyceride and cholesterols) as well as on the performance, carcass, and gastrointestinal tract (gut) traits of broilers were studied. In total, 480 male chicks (ROSS 308) were allocated to four treatments, each with five replicates containing 24 birds. While control birds were fed a diet (mash form) with no additives (0 HS), other treatment birds were fed with diets containing HS at 0.5 (0.5 HS), 1.0 (1 HS) or 1.5 (1.5 HS) g kg^?1 from 1 to 42 days of age. RESULTS: The body and carcass weights and feed efficiency increased (P < 0.05) by 1.5 HS, and blood cholesterol decreased (P < 0.05) by 1 HS and 1.5 HS compared to 0 HS. The 0.5 HS decreased (P < 0.10) low‐density lipoprotein compared to 0 HS. The 0.5 HS resulted in thigh meat and breast meat that were lighter and darker than those found in the other groups and 1.5 HS respectively (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Feeding with a diet containing HS caused a measurable variation in the meat quality and blood cholesterol as well as the performance, carcass, and gut traits of broilers. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同育肥模式对淘汰青年渤海种公驴肉质特性的影响

研究不同育肥模式对淘汰青年渤海种公驴肉质特性的影响,对6头(随机分成2组)3岁渤海公驴在不同育肥模式下饲养10个月后屠宰,取背最长肌进行蛋白含量、脂肪含量、水分含量、pH值、剪切力值、蒸煮损失的测定。结果表明:实验组脂肪含量达到9.84%极显著高于对照组,水分含量显著低于对照组,剪切力(4.22 kg)显著低于对照组(5.28 kg)。总体可见,加强营养栓饲淘汰青年渤海种公驴对驴肉品质的风味、多汁性、嫩度等方面都有改善,实验组驴肉嫩度已达到意大利煎牛排嫩的标准要求,可以作为煎烤原料,为发展高档驴肉提供新的思路。根据肉牛分割增值的理念,可进一步提升驴肉的价值,增加经济效益。为今后肉驴饲养提供一种新的发展思路。     

杂粕型日粮中添加杂粕溢多酶对肥育猪生长、饲料转化率的影响

日粮中杂粕含量相同而杂粕溢多酶添加量不同时,肥育猪日增重和饲料转化率随着杂粕溢多酶添加量的增加而提高。在不同杂粕含量的日粮中添加相同量的杂粕溢多酶,杂粕含量少的日增重高,饲料转化率也高。在杂粕型日粮中添加杂粕溢多酶,能提高肥育猪的生长速度和饲料转化率。     

适用肉牛不同育肥阶段全价日粮的研制

以肉牛在不同生长阶段的营养需求,利用甘蔗副产物为主要原料研究配制肉牛不同育肥阶段的全价日粮:以甘蔗梢叶和碱液处理的蔗渣作粗饲料;以糖蜜和玉米粉等作能量饲料;以花生麸或豆粕、菜籽粕等作蛋白饲料,以尿素、磷酸氢钙、石粉、菌种和预混料等为其它添加料,然后经生物发酵而制成。实验结果表明:与饲喂普通饲料相比,全价日粮不但营养搭配更科学合理,而且从饲喂效果看,肉料比更高,生产1 kg肉可减少23.8%~34.3%的成本。     

饲粮中添加米糠和抗氧化剂对肥育猪生产性能和肉品质的影响

研究饲粮中添加米糠和不同抗氧化剂对肥育猪生长性能和肉品质的影响;对其分别饲喂4种不同的饲粮:Ⅰ组"玉米-豆粕型"饲粮、Ⅱ组"含15%米糠饲粮"、Ⅲ组"在Ⅱ组饲粮基础上+200 mg/kgVE"和Ⅳ组"在Ⅱ组饲粮基础上+200 mg/kg普生源"。试验猪80 kg时屠宰。结果表明:平均日增重Ⅱ组极显著低于Ⅰ、Ⅳ组,Ⅲ组显著低于Ⅳ组。料肉比Ⅱ组极显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组,显著高于Ⅰ组。肌肉嫩度Ⅰ、Ⅲ组极显著高于Ⅱ组,极显著低于Ⅳ组,肌肉脂肪含量Ⅱ组显著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ组。     

野生葎草对育肥羊生产性能的影响

研究在自由采食条件下,新鲜葎草对育肥羊生产性能的影响.试验组每天饲喂2.5 kg新鲜葎草,对照组饲喂等量新鲜苜蓿;另外补加精料补充料0.5 kg/只.结果表明:试验组的平均日采食量和料肉比分别降低了18.1%和15.71%,均达到了显著水平(P<0.05);试验组粗蛋白质的消化率比对照组降低10.82%,但差异不显著(P>0.05),粗脂肪和粗纤维的消化率比对照组分别提高9.92%和2.69%,均差异不显著(P>0.05).     

Tissue deposition and residue depletion of melamine in fattening pigs following oral administration

The adulteration of animal feed as well as milk products with melamine has led to concerns about the ability to establish appropriate withdrawal intervals to ensure food safety. Two experiments were conducted in this study. The first was to investigate the deposition and depletion of melamine in blood and tissues of pigs exposed to adulterated feed with high doses of melamine. A total of 500 or 1000 mg kg^–1 melamine was added to the diet for fattening pigs (initial BW = ±60.24 kg). Melamine residues were detected in tissues (brain, duodenum, liver, heart, muscle and kidney) by LC-MS/MS. Dose-dependent effects were found between melamine residual concentration and its dose in feed. Five days after the withdrawal of melamine from the diets, the residue concentration in tissues fell below 2.5 mg kg^–1. In the second experiment, blood samples were taken at different time points from fattening pigs (BW = 100 kg) fed with adulterated feed with 1000 mg kg^–1 of melamine for 42 days. Results from the pharmacokinetics analysis showed that it would take 83 h for the melamine level in plasma depleting to the safe level of 50 ng ml^–1 after an expose of 1000 mg kg^–1 melamine contaminated feed for 42 days.     

固态发酵复方中药生产肉品质改良剂的研究

对以复方中药为原料,采用产朊假丝酵母固态发酵制备肉品质改良剂的工艺条件进行了研究,并对复方中药发酵前后饲喂育肥猪的生长性能、屠宰性能以及肉品质的影响进行了对比分析。结果表明,采用产朊假丝酵母发酵制备肉品质改良剂的最佳发酵条件为:料层厚度2～4cm,培养基初始含水率为50%、初始pH 5.5、发酵时间48h、接种量为4.0%,发酵温度28℃;在此发酵条件下制备的肉品质改良剂具有提高生长性能,有效改善育肥猪的屠宰性能,显著增加肌内脂肪含量,延缓屠宰后肌肉pH值下降速度,改善猪肉品质的功效。