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排序方式: 共有5354条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Karim Gharbi Louise Matthews James Bron Ron Roberts Alan Tinch Michael Stear 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2015,12(110)
Sea lice threaten the welfare of farmed Atlantic salmon and the sustainability of fish farming across the world. Chemical treatments are the major method of control but drug resistance means that alternatives are urgently needed. Selective breeding can be a cheap and effective alternative. Here, we combine experimental trials and diagnostics to provide a practical protocol for quantifying resistance to sea lice. We then combined quantitative genetics with epidemiological modelling to make the first prediction of the response to selection, quantified in terms of reduced need for chemical treatments. We infected over 1400 young fish with Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the most important species in the Northern Hemisphere. Mechanisms of resistance were expressed early in infection. Consequently, the number of lice per fish and the ranking of families were very similar at 7 and 17 days post infection, providing a stable window for assessing susceptibility to infection. The heritability of lice numbers within this time window was moderately high at 0.3, confirming that selective breeding is viable. We combined an epidemiological model of sea lice infection and control on a salmon farm with genetic variation in susceptibility among individuals. We simulated 10 generations of selective breeding and examined the frequency of treatments needed to control infection. Our model predicted that substantially fewer chemical treatments are needed to control lice outbreaks in selected populations and chemical treatment could be unnecessary after 10 generations of selection. Selective breeding for sea lice resistance should reduce the impact of sea lice on fish health and thus substantially improve the sustainability of Atlantic salmon production. 相似文献
2.
Francielo Vendruscolo 《国际能源研究杂志》2015,39(3):293-302
Hydrogen is a clean energy carrier with great potential to be an alternative fuel. Anaerobic hydrogen fermentation seems to be more favorable, since hydrogen is yielded at high rates and various organic waste and wastewater enriched with carbohydrates as substrate result in low cost for hydrogen production. Abundant biomass from various industries could be a source for biohydrogen production where combination of waste treatment and energy production would be an advantage. Carbohydrate‐rich nitrogen‐deficient solid wastes such as starch residues can be used for hydrogen production by using suitable bioprocess technologies. Alternatively, converting biomass into gaseous fuels, such as biohydrogen, is possibly the most efficient way to use these agroindustrial residues. This review summarizes the potential of starch agroindustrial residues as a substrate for biohydrogen production. Types of potential starch agroindustrial residues, recent developments and bio‐processing conditions for biohydrogen production will be discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
北斗三星无源定位技术 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
介绍了北斗双星定位系统的特点、功能、系统组成和工作原理,说明了北斗有源定位方式在应用方面的局限性。针对北斗有源定位方式不能无线电静默,和人们对具有无线电隐蔽性的卫星定位的需求,详细介绍一种北斗三星无源定位技术:包括工作原理、实现方法、定位精度分析和目前达到的定位精度。阐述了北斗三星无源定位技术的优点和应用形势。 相似文献
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油菜素内脂(BR)与烯效唑(S3307)复合剂处理黄瓜幼苗提高了叶片的叶绿素含量。光合速率,SOD酶活性和MDA含量降低,相对电解质渗透显降低,幼苗的根系活力显提高。田间试验结果表明,BS处理比对照增产11.62%,瓜数增加17.72%,因此,BR和SS3307复合剂在生产上有一定的应用推广价值。 相似文献
7.
珠江口门海堤堤型的选择 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
珠江口站地区面临南海、大陆岸线长457km,遭受洪水。潮汐、台风的影响,河口滩涂 发育迅速,以约100m/a的速度向大海延伸。随着沿海地区的经济发展,滨海-2m高程以上的滩涂的4万hm^2正在和将要建堤围垦和开发利用,原有海堤也亟待加固提高,因此,对珠江口门坝有海堤堤型资料进行收集、整理,分析总结,选择经济可行的海堤堤型,具有重要的现实意义。文中收集了珠江口门的几种主要堤型,通过对各种堤基工程地质 相似文献
8.
Bryce J. Stokes 《Biomass & bioenergy》1992,2(1-6):131-147
Eight countries collaborated and shared technical information on the harvesting of small trees and forest residues in a three year program. Proceedings and reports from workshops and reviews are summarized in a review of activities and harvesting systems of the participating countries. Four databases were developed for harvesting and transportation of these materials. 相似文献
9.
引渤济锡海水输送工程 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
引渤济锡海水输送工程是内蒙古锡林郭勒盟恢复草原生态和实施以发展电力和煤化工为主体的褐煤开发战略的基础工程。该工程是从渤海引海水,通过辽宁省的葫芦岛市、朝阳市和内蒙古的赤峰市到锡林浩特,本阶段设计年输海水3.65亿甜。该工程将与锡林格勒盟地区待建的煤化工、海洋化工、生态工程形成新型的循环经济发展产业链。长距离输送海水是一个世界性的新课题。现研究了长距离海水输送的特点,提出了应对海水强腐蚀、海生物附着所引起的污损问题和输送过程中防泄漏和渗漏问题的工程措施,采用一条夹砂玻璃钢管管线结合隧洞和一座在线调节水库的输送海水方案,包括:设9座泵站,设计总扬程1147m海水水头,线路全长607km左右,其中玻璃钢管全长290km,直径3.2km,隧洞全长317km,输海水总成本为4.1元/m左右。引渤济锡海水输送工程的建立,标志着我国海水综合利用进入一个新的历史阶段,工程本身具有下述特点:输送海水流量、距离、扬程综合指标,世界第一;内径3.2m夹砂玻璃钢管是国内目前采用的最大管径的玻璃钢管。此外,引渤济锡海水输送工程的建设不仅能够促进锡林郭勒盟地区经济的持续发展,而且具有下述重大战略意义:一是通过“盐田置换”方式促进环渤海经济区建设;二是为发展制盐工业提供了新的发展模式;三是为我国开发内蒙古、新疆维吾尔自治区巨大的煤炭资源、恢复生态系统提供了一条新的思路。 相似文献
10.
Effects of home preparation on pesticide residues in cabbage 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Experiment was carried out to evaluate the pesticides (chlorpyrifos, p,p-DDT, cypermethrin, chlorothalonil) residue levels in cabbage in the process of home preparation by washing with different concentrations of acetic acid and sodium chlorine, and tap water, preserving in refrigerator, and stir-frying for different time. Results showed that washing by tap water and/or detergent solution for cooking are necessary to decrease the concentration of pesticide residues in cabbage. Washing with acetic acid solutions (at 10% concentration for 20 min) caused 79.8%, 65.8%, 74.0% and 75.0% loss of the above pesticides, respectively. Washing with NaCl solutions (at 10% concentration for 20 min) produced 67.2%, 65.0%, 73.3% and 74.1% loss, respectively, and washing by tap water (for 20 min) were 17.6%, 17.1%, 19.1% and 15.2% loss, respectively. The reductions due to the refrigeration (for 48 h) were 3.4%, 2.6%, 3.1% and 3.6%, respectively, and those due to the stir-frying (for 5 min) were 86.6%, 67.5%, 84.7% and 84.8%, respectively. The data indicated that washing by detergent solutions and stir-frying of cabbage are the most effective home preparations for the elimination of pesticide residues. 相似文献