A new approach to the decomposition of Boolean functions by the method of <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-partitions. III. Joint decomposition of a function system

The paper considers the set-theoretical approach to the joint decomposition of systems of Boolean functions of variables specified in different representation forms. The approach is based on the method of q-partitions of conjuncterms and concept of decomposition clones. Theorems on joint decomposition of a system of full and partial functions are formulated. The approach is illustrated by examples. Parts I and II of this article are published in No. 5 (2001) and No. 1 (2002). __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 2, pp. 39–58, March–April 2007.     

Crosstalk between Growth and Osmoregulation of GHRH-SST-GH-IGF Axis in Triploid Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Smolting is an important development stage of salmonid, and an energy trade-off occurs between osmotic regulation and growth during smolting in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Growth hormone releasing hormone, somatostatin, growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor (GHRH-SST-GH-IGF) axis exhibit pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmotic adaptation. Due to salmonid specific genome duplication, increased paralogs are identified in the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis, however, their physiology in modulating osmoregulation has yet to be investigated. In this study, seven sst genes (sst1a, sst1b, sst2, sst3a, sst3b, sst5, sst6) were identified in trout. We further investigated the ghrh-sst-gh-igf axis of diploid and triploid trout in response to seawater challenge. Kidney sst (sst1b, sst2, sst5) and sstr (sstr1b1, sstr5a, sstr5b) expressions were changed (more than 2-fold increase (except for sstr5a with 1.99-fold increase) or less than 0.5-fold decrease) due to osmoregulation, suggesting a pleiotropic physiology of SSTs in modulating growth and smoltification. Triploid trout showed significantly down-regulated brain sstr1b1 and igfbp2a1 (p < 0.05), while diploid trout showed up-regulated brain igfbp1a1 (~2.61-fold, p = 0.057) and igfbp2a subtypes (~1.38-fold, p < 0.05), suggesting triploid trout exhibited a better acclimation to the seawater environment. The triploid trout showed up-regulated kidney igfbp5a subtypes (~6.62 and 7.25-fold, p = 0.099 and 0.078) and significantly down-regulated igfbp5b2 (~0.37-fold, p < 0.05), showing a conserved physiology of teleost IGFBP5a in regulating osmoregulation. The IGFBP6 subtypes are involved in energy and nutritional regulation. Distinctive igfbp6 subtypes patterns (p < 0.05) potentially indicated trout triggered energy redistribution in brain and kidney during osmoregulatory regulation. In conclusion, we showed that the GHRH-SST-GH-IGF axis exhibited pleiotropic effects in regulating growth and osmoregulatory regulation during trout smolting, which might provide new insights into seawater aquaculture of salmonid species.     

Supporting comprehensible presentation of clone candidates through two-dimensional maximisation

Duplicated code detection has been an active research field for several decades. Although many algorithms have been proposed, only a few researches have focussed on the comprehensive presentation of the detected clones. During the evaluation of clone detectors developed by the authors, it was observed that the results of the clone detectors were hard to comprehend. Therefore, in this paper a broadly suitable grouping method with which clone pairs can be easily grouped together to provide a more compact result is presented. The grouping algorithm is examined and a more precise revised algorithm is proposed to present all of the candidates to the user.     

三倍体毛白杨KP法蒸煮中木素结构的变化

以三倍体毛白杨为研究对象,进行了常规硫酸盐法蒸煮。采用酶-弱酸解两段法分别从原料和KP纸浆中分离出原料木素和纸浆残余木素。采用酸析法从KP蒸煮黑液中分离出溶出木素样品,经过弱酸水解得到纯木素试样。通过凝胶渗透色谱分析(GPC),对所有试样分别进行了分子质量的检测,得出各种木素样品的分子质量及其分布,分析了木素溶出过程中的分子质量的变化。通过磷谱核磁共振31P-NMR技术得出木素结构谱图,对原料木素、纸浆残余木素和黑液溶出木素结构中各官能团进行了定量分析对比,研究了木素结构在KP蒸煮过程中的变化规律。     

三倍体毛白杨单段化学预处理APMP制浆影响因素的探讨

本文以优质速生材种三倍体毛白杨为原料，对其进行了单段预处理的传统APMP法制浆。通过对化学预处理中各影响因素的探讨，发现在化学预处理中，NaOH用量和H2O2用量是影响化学预处理效果的主要因素，NaOH用量对浆料的最终强度有较大贡献，H2O2用量对浆的白度有较大贡献，其它影响因素对最终浆的质量也有一定的影响。     

无性系速生杉木的化学组成及其高聚糖在蒸煮过程中溶出特性的研究

本文比较分析了五个无性系速生杉木变种之间以及变种与原种之间的化学组成，并且对生长速度最快的杉木变种的高聚糖在蒸煮过程中的溶出特性也进行了探讨。研究结果表明：杉木各变种之间的化学组成没有引起很大的变异，但与杉木原种相比是有差异的。组成杉木变种的高聚糖中各种单糖在ＫＰ和ＫＰ－ＡＱ法蒸煮过程中的溶出百分率有如下顺序：葡萄糖＜甘露糖＜木糖＜阿拉伯糖＜半乳糖＜糖醛酸。碳水化合物的总损失ＫＰ法为３８．４９％，而ＫＰ－ＡＱ法为３４．８５％。在１７０℃以前，失去的碳水化合物主要来自半纤维素；而在１７０℃以后，则主要来自纤维素。由此看来，缩短保温时间有利纸浆的质量。成浆高聚糖的ＤＰ，ＫＰ法为８８９，ＫＰ－ＡＱ法为９２４，因此ＫＰ－ＡＱ法比ＫＰ法更适合于速生杉木制浆。     

三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆的氧脱木素研究

对三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆氧脱木素进行了研究,通过实验分析了各影响因素(用碱量、温度、时间、氧压及助剂用量)对三倍体毛白杨低硬度NaOH-AQ浆氧脱木素后的卡伯值、黏度、白度以及木素的脱除情况等的影响,确定了该浆种氧脱木素较适宜的工艺条件.     

玉屏不同油茶种质含油率及油中脂肪酸组成分析

为选育油茶优良无性系,利用核磁共振方法测定了玉屏38个油茶优良无性系的种子和种仁含油率,采用GC-MS/MS方法检测了索氏提取的油茶种仁油脂肪酸组成及相对含量。结果表明:MZ-3、YP-1、6-57、6-48和GY的种子和种仁含油率分别在41%和56%以上。油茶种仁油中检测出6种脂肪酸,分别为棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生烯酸,油酸含量高于83%的品系有5-35、5-37、6-49、XL-210和YP-1。这不仅为玉屏油茶优良无性系的选择提供了科学依据,而且可为油茶籽油的加工利用提供参考。     

Blocking the PCNA/NKp44 Checkpoint to Stimulate NK Cell Responses to Multiple Myeloma

Simple SummaryMembrane-associated PCNA is expressed on the surface of human MM cell lines and primary MM cells. Mab 14-25-9 interacts with membrane-associated PCNA and blocks its binding to NK-expressed NKp44, thus activating NK function. We showed that mAb 14-25-9 can serve as an immune checkpoint blocker, enhancing the function of NK cells on target human MM cell lines and primary cells.AbstractMultiple Myeloma (MM) is a devastating malignancy that evades immune destruction using multiple mechanisms. The NKp44 receptor interacts with PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and may inhibit NK cells’ functions. Here we studied in vitro the expression and function of PCNA on MM cells. First, we show that PCNA is present on the cell membrane of five out of six MM cell lines, using novel anti-PCNA mAb developed to recognize membrane-associated PCNA. Next, we stained primary bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells from MM patients and showed significant staining of membrane-associated PCNA in the fraction of CD38⁺CD138⁺ BM cells that contain the MM cells. Importantly, blocking of the membrane PCNA on MM cells enhanced the activity of NK cells, including IFN-γ-secretion and degranulation. Our results highlight the possible blocking of the NKp44-PCNA immune checkpoint by the mAb 14-25-9 antibody to enhance NK cell responses against MM, providing a novel treatment option.     

A new approach to the decomposition of boolean functions. 4. non-disjoint decomposition: the method of <Emphasis Type="Italic">p</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">q</Emphasis>-partitions

A set-theoretical approach to the non-disjoint decomposition of different forms of representation of Boolean functions of n variables is considered. This approach is based on the method of p,q-partitions of conjuncterms and on the concept of a decomposition clone. Two techniques of searching for some non-disjoint functional decomposition are described. Theorems on the non-disjoint decomposition of full and partial functions and their systems are formulated. The proposed approach is illustrated by examples. Parts I, II, and III of this article are published in No. 5 (2001), No. 1 (2002), and No. 2 (2007). Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 3, pp. 15-41, May–June 2009.