A unified framework of opening and closure operators with respect to arbitrary fuzzy relations

 This paper is devoted to a general concept of openness and closedness with respect to arbitrary fuzzy relations – along with appropriate opening and closure operators. It is shown that the proposed framework unifies existing concepts, in particular, the one for fuzzy preorderings as well as the triangular norm-based approach to fuzzy mathematical morphology. The author acknowledges support of the K _plus Competence Center Program which is funded by the Austrian Government, the Province of Upper Austria, and the Chamber of Commerce of Upper Austria.     

从改革中求发展 从改革中求效益

总结了解放４５年来上海钢铁工业所取得的成就，重点阐述了技术、工艺、装备方面的现状和不足以及发展目标，指出：只有实行改革开放，加快技术改造，才能提高上海钢铁工业的总体水平，提高经济效益，也才能使老企业焕发青春，步入现代化钢铁工业之林。     

圆平盖中心大开孔的极限载荷和结构的分析研究

利用有限元法对大开孔平盖进行了极限载荷分析,比较了平盖与筒体连接处采用的锥形段过渡与圆角过渡两种形式。结果表明,二者均能有效地降低平盖与筒体连接处的边缘应力。设计过渡段时,δ2/δ0为3.0、锥度为1∶3能够更有效地降低平盖的边缘应力。     

以开放性实验为延伸促进“液压与气压传动”课程教学质量的提升

结合《液压与气压传动》课程理论及实验教学中的体会,分析了传统教学中存在的弊端,提出了以开放性实验为延伸以促进《液压与气压传动》课程教学质量提升的意见。     

平盖开孔的有限元分析及其补强方法的探讨

为了使平盖开孔补强结构更为合理、可靠,使用圆形平板的理论解和有限元分析方法,对不同开孔直径的27个平盖模型进行了应力计算和分析比较,进一步探讨了不同的开孔补强方法。结果表明,对于开孔率小于0.5的平盖开孔补强采用均匀增加平盖厚度的方法,不能解决孔边产生的应力集中问题,难以达到补强的效果;而采用外加补强元件的方法,则应明确其补强范围应在2d范围内。     

大学物理开放实验网络选课系统的优化设计

以大学物理开放实验课程为例,针对当前高校物理开放性实验网络选课系统在辅助教学方面的一些不足,提出改进措施,设计优化型网络选课系统,分析系统的功能和特点,并对该系统的几个功能模块进行简单介绍。     

A genetic algorithm for solving the fixed-charge transportation model: Two-stage problem

Transportation of goods in a supply chain from plants to customers through distribution centers (DCs) is modeled as a two-stage distribution problem in the literature. In this paper we propose genetic algorithms to solve a two-stage transportation problem with two different scenarios. The first scenario considers the per-unit transportation cost and the fixed cost associated with a route, coupled with unlimited capacity at every DC. The second scenario considers the opening cost of a distribution center, per-unit transportation cost from a given plant to a given DC and the per-unit transportation cost from the DC to a customer. Subsequently, an attempt is made to represent the two-stage fixed-charge transportation problem (Scenario-1) as a single-stage fixed-charge transportation problem and solve the resulting problem using our genetic algorithm. Many benchmark problem instances are solved using the proposed genetic algorithms and performances of these algorithms are compared with the respective best existing algorithms for the two scenarios. The results from computational experiments show that the proposed algorithms yield better solutions than the respective best existing algorithms for the two scenarios under consideration.     

基于宏的开放式查询系统及其PB实现技术

本文讨论了开放式查询系统建立的必要性，论述了开放式查询系统的设计原则和结合宏命令的查询系统的功能模型；结合PowerBuilder的编程特点，研究了开放式查询系统的PB实现技术，并成功地应用于企业信息综合运用和决策中。     

开放式企业信息系统的构架与实践研究

Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ问世为传统的企业信息系统开辟了崭新的思路，利用Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ技术改造传统企业ＭＩＳ，建立开放式企业信息系统必成为新的潮流，本文就基于Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ开放式企业信息系统进行了研究，并地其层次结构、信息处理方式进行了探讨。     

In Vitro hydrodynamic evaluation of prosthetic polymer heart valves in steady flow

Hydrodynamic comparison of two polymer valves with two mechanical valves is presented. The valves were perfused in a steady flow system, and comparisons between the valves were made on the transvalvular pressure distribution and drop, opening area, and leakage volume. Particular emphasis was placed on a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve which was newly designed and fabricated in our research group. The results showed that the functional characteristics of a slit-type bileaflet polymer valve compared favorably with that of mechanical valves. This valve may be a viable and inexpensive alternative, especially for short-term use in TAH or VAD systems.