煤燃烧系统中碳黑的研究进展

碳黑对人类健康和环境辐射平衡有重要的影响.火焰中的碳黑,可以增强辐射换热效果,碳黑也影响氮氧化物的生成和排放.当煤不完全燃烧时,煤的挥发分在高温时发生二级反应,形成碳黑.介绍了研究碳黑的3种模型和3种实验方法.     

Kinetics of catalyzed and non-catalyzed oxidation of soot from a diesel engine

To comply with the new regulations on particulate matter, car manufacturers more and more commonly use diesel particulate filters (DPF). The working of these systems needs to periodically burn soot that has been accumulated during the loading of the DPF. This paper describes the kinetics of the non-catalytic and catalytic oxidation of real diesel soot with oxygen. From these experiments, mechanisms for catalyzed and non-catalyzed soot oxidation have been proposed.     

ESW激波吹灰器在余热锅炉的应用

介绍了ESW激波吹灰器的工作原理及其在茂名分公司Ⅲ套催化裂化装置余热锅炉的应用情况。应用结果表明，使用ESW激波吹灰器吹灰效果明显，吹灰后余热锅炉排烟温度可下降29℃，过热蒸汽产量增加7t/h，锅炉自产饱和蒸汽产量增加2t/h，有效提高了余热锅炉的传热效率和过热能力，节能效果显著。对应用中出现的一些问题提出了改进建议。     

Heat-integrated reactor concepts for catalytic reforming and automotive exhaust purification

Optimal solutions in environmental catalysis require a well-coordinated development of catalysts and of process design. This contribution is devoted to energy integrated design concepts for fuel reforming and for automotive exhaust purification. The examples presented demonstrate the importance of an innovative process design for optimal utilization of existing catalysts and show the potential of future developments.

New concepts for steam reforming through the efficient coupling of the endothermic reforming reaction with an exothermic combustion reaction are discussed in the first part. These concepts have been implemented for methanol steam reforming in a counter-current reactor with distributed side feed of burner gas and for methane steam reforming in a modular reactor with a co-current reaction section for the endothermic and the combustion reaction and attached counter-current heat exchangers. Both applications employ the so-called folded sheet reactor design, which ensures an excellent heat transfer between the reforming and combustion channels and efficient heat recovery.

A similar design solution is introduced for the apparently different case of automotive exhaust purification. The proposed concept aims at decoupling exhaust after-treatment from engine control. Its main component is a counter-current heat exchanger with integrated purification stages for HC-oxidation, NO_X storage and reduction and soot filtering. A small catalytic burner at the hot end of the heat exchanger provides both heat and oxidizing or reducing agents on demand. A new soot filter design allows for safe soot filter regeneration.     

焦炉装煤逸出含尘烟气成分的监测与计算

本课题以6m焦炉为例,分析了装煤逸出烟尘的来源,计算了焦炉装煤逸出烟尘量,在检测装煤焦炉逸出烟尘主要成分浓度的基础上,计算了主要污染物的释放总量,并对计算结果进行了分析,可为工程治理提供有用的参考数据。     

煤炭综合利用在枣庄柴里矿的实践

山东枣矿集团柴里煤矿热电公司,依托矿区资源优势,通过开展煤炭综合利用,大力发展循环经济,壮大了非煤产业,逐步发展成为以煤矸石、煤泥、煤气发电为主,集中供热为辅,兼以生产水泥、建筑建材等为一体的综合利用企业,实现了清洁生产。     

锅炉整体式高效声波吹灰器性能试验研究

声波吹灰技术是提高锅炉换热效率,保证锅炉安全运行的重要手段之一.在不同压缩空气压力和流量条件下,试验对比研究了Φ80 mm×290 mm和Φ90 mm×300 mm 2种整体式耐高温高效声波吹灰器声场特性,获得了声波频率和声压值大小,确定了吹灰器声波作用的有效范围,分析了几何特征尺寸对声波的影响.     

基于改进型Elman神经网络的智能吹灰程控系统

基于改进型Elman神经网络,建立了电站锅炉受热面污染在线监测软测量模型,为锅炉吹灰优化策略提供了理论依据。将软测量模型与传统吹灰程控系统融合所形成的智能吹灰程控系统采用模块化方法构建,集灰污在线监测、数据分析、信息管理和优化指导、控制功能一体化。该系统有助于加强吹灰管理,指导运行人员及时、合理吹灰、优化吹灰,达到提高机组安全性和经济性的目的。     

Soot and other Products Formation from the Submerged Carbon Arc in Halogenated Solvents

A series of selected halomethanes were treated with the submerged carbon arc using graphite electrodes at 10A. CCl₄ and CHCl₃ produce abundant soot which is double in comparison to the soot produced by arcing CH₂Cl₂ and is one order of magnitude higher than the amount of soot produced by arcing hydrocarbons such as n-hexane or decalin and two orders of magnitudes higher in comparison to the amounts of soot produced by arcing alcohols. It was found a anticorrelation between the amount of polyynes present in the solution of the arced solvent and the amount of soot produced by arcing. In the case of CCl₄ and CHCl₃ no polyynes were detected by liquid chromatographic analysis (HPLC-DAD), while polyynes were detected in CH₂Cl₂ and are present in higher concentration in arced hydrocarbon solutions. The soot produced from halomethanes was analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy in comparison to the soot produced by arcing hydrocarbons and alcohols. Furthermore, the soot from halomethanes was analyzed by HPLC-DAD after extraction with acetonitrile and found to contain a mixture of halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Also CHClBr and CH₂I₂ were arced between graphite electrodes. The former compound produces free bromine and soot; bromine causes halogenation of the polyynes. In the case of the latter compound, free iodine is released from the arc and the amount of soot produced is comparable to that obtained by arcing CH₂Cl₂.     

Soot oxidation kinetics under pressurized conditions

The oxidation kinetics, under different pressures, of soot samples obtained from different liquid fuels and two standards (a commercial black carbon sample and a reference diesel soot) was studied. Soot samples were generated in a flat-flame, premixed burner under heavily-sooting conditions and captured on a water-cooled stabilization plate located above the burner surface. The collected soot was oxidized using a high-pressure thermogravimetric analyzer (HTGA). TGA operation was optimized to reduce mass transfer effects by adjusting the oxidizer flow rate and initial sample mass. Further corrections for mass transfer were accomplished by computing the effectiveness factors for intraparticle, interparticle, and external mass transfer. Two pressures were evaluated (1 and 10 atm) and O₂ concentration was varied between 10 and 21%.