Critical incidents and chronic stressors at work: Their impact on forensic doctors.

Workers in medium- or high-risk professions are often confronted with critical incidents at the workplace. The impact of these acute stressors may be serious and enduring. Many workers also experience chronic job stressors, such as work overload or role conflicts. This study examined the frequently neglected relationship of acute and chronic stressors with self-reported health symptoms, such as posttraumatic responses, fatigue, and burnout. This association was investigated in a sample of forensic doctors in the Netherlands (N = 84). It was found that the more traumatic events the respondents experienced, the more problems they reported in coping with the traumatic events. Chronic job stressors were associated with posttraumatic responses (intrusions and avoidances) and with burnout and fatigue. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

China, 1860: A photographic album by Felice Beato

Abstract

The documentation of wars had become a significant feature of photography by the 1860s. As the camera's advantages became apparent, photographers gradually took the place of the graphic artists and painters who had previously accompanied military and diplomatic missions. The camera could reproduce reality in minute detail and an infinite number of prints were possible from each negative. Its precision as a recorder, coupled with its apparent objectivity, also made it a potentially powerful tool of propaganda.     

New doctors ranking system based on VIKOR method

Nowadays, we can use different websites that help us make decisions about various aspects of our lives. However, privacy protection prevents websites from providing personalised guidelines to users. We propose a novel doctor‐ranking system (DRS) based on multi‐criteria group decision‐making (MCGDM) method to address the problems of privacy protection. The following aspects differentiate our proposed DRS model from previous works: (a) textual information reviews are used to identify user preferences and complementary criteria, (b) criteria weights are determined by term frequency inverse document frequency (TF‐IDF) instead of Delphi method or expert opinion, (c) intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are used to replace sentiment analysis to express subjective user criteria, and (d) VIsekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranjie (VIKOR) method for MCGDM with IFSs is used to solve the doctor‐ranking problem. We apply our proposed model to datasets from Haodf.com to compare the performance of our method with that of sentiment analysis and technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) methods. The experimental results show that our method provides accurate ranking and increases the reliability of DRS.     

浅谈对21世纪初我国“神医”事件的思考

本文概述了21世纪初我国几个典型的＂神医＂事件,初步分析了21世纪初我国＂神医＂的基本特征,并在法律层面和科技工作者层面上提出了相关对策,指出：在法律层面上,应进一步完善相关法律法规;而在科技工作者层面上,应进一步加强媒体、科技工作者、政府的合作。     

Degrees, Doctors, and Psychologists.

While Fields' letter in the December 1955 American Psychologist is informative and significant, it makes some errors which should be corrected, and further fails to touch on a number of pertinent problems. It is unfortunate that the public, as well as official agencies such as the House Committee on the Armed Services, misapply the title "Doctor" making it, as would appear, identical with the MD. The title "Doctor" has historic academic significance stemming from middle English, after the Latin doctorem, a teacher or instructor who inculcates learning, opinions or principles (Onions, C. T. Oxford Universal English Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1937). Thus "Doctor" is, and has been, a degree applied to sundry branches of academic learning, presumably a certificate of the highest proficiency in a subject. The title "physician," contrary to the statement of Dr. Fields, is not for the exclusive use of the doctor of medicine, either historically or contemporaneously. From the legal standpoint, or the standpoint of training, a number of people in the healing arts aside from the doctor of medicine are entitled to the use of the title "physician." Certainly the psychologist must be made aware of the status of other professional people in the healing arts aside from the doctor of medicine. Whether their philosophical position is acceptable to him or not, many of these practitioners are formally trained and hold legal rights to practice. In terms of ethical problems, incidents may arise of an unpleasant interprofessional nature due to the psychologist's ignorance of the training and legal status of other healing professions: such an incident was reported within the past two years, in which a chiropractor having appropriate undergraduate work was barred from a graduate course in psychology on the basis of his chiropractic affiliation. A lack of understanding of the functions and qualifications of other professional groups is unfortunate in terms of interprofessional relations, and the ultimate status of psychology itself in its therapeutic aspect. Probably the big problem is recognition of the new professional role which psychology is assuming, a role which demands standardization of curriculum and perhaps the development of a doctorate in medical psychology, as suggested by L. S. Kubie (1954). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

More about "Doctors".

One may well add to the excellent letter of Sidney J. Fields in the last issue a few further considerations, in large part anthropological, that help to provide perspective. As a glance at the encyclopedic Oxford Dictionary will show, the title doctor historically originated in medieval Europe with the theologian--the doctor of divinity. The doctor of philosophy is, of course, an offshoot of the same stalk and in the days of medieval learning, before the heyday of modern science, even the doctor of medicine was expected to write a learned thesis. In some European universities this practice still prevails. The generic doctor is, after all, the man of learning who teaches (doceo in Latin is teach), and not only are there many kinds of professional doctors, but there are many varieties of scientific ones--in physiology, chemistry, linguistics, psychology, etc. Goethe's Dr. Faust preferred to be known not as a doctor of theology but as a doctor of medicine. Is it generally known that in England the surgeon (F.R.C.S.) is regularly called Mister? The general practitioner ordinarily does not have an MD degree and is addressed as Doctor by courtesy only. Not to be overlooked is the studied manner in which the American academic "Doctor," reacting perhaps against the Central European proliferation of titles (Herr Prof. Dr. Jones), modestly calls himself "Mister." To the argument that in case of emergency the wrong "Doctor" might be enlisted for help--to his embarrassment, let alone that of the victim--there is the obvious answer that in these days of widespread first aid training, the advisable appeal is not just for a physician but for anyone versed in appropriate measures. If all professional groups would agree to do without the title Doctor and, like the citizens of the French Revolution, be satisfied with the simple Mister, all would be well; or, if it is too late--or too early--for this recommendation, the alternative is to allow the title to anyone with the appropriate academic degree. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

发挥博士后工作站作用 构建高层次人才队伍

分析国有企业建立博士后工作站在构建高层次人才队伍中的意义和作用;系统提出国企在引进博士后人才过程中应树立的工作理念。     

基于J2EE的医师协会管理系统安全性研究

介绍了Java平台安全、J2EE安全体系结构。以一个登录请求为例,重点研究了J2EE架构在医师协会管理系统中的应用,以及使用J2EE安全体系结构构建医师协会管理系统。     

Work-family conflict and psychosocial work environment stressors as predictors of job stress in a cross-cultural study.

The purpose of this cross-cultural study was to investigate the relationship between work-family conflict (WFC), family-work conflict (FWC), job demands, job control, social support, flexibility in working hours, and job stress. The sample consisted of 27 doctors and 328 nurses from Norway, as well as 111 doctors and 136 nurses from India. The results indicate that predictors of job stress in India are different from Norway and different from doctors to nurses. For Norwegian doctors, none of the study variables were predictors of job stress. For Norwegian nurses WFC, high job demands, and low flexibility in working hours were predictors of job stress. For Indian doctors low job control and for Indian nurses high FWC and low social support were predictors of job stress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comment on Relations with Psychiatry.

In order to promote greater mutual understanding with medical people, the author suggests that at least one-half of the delegates whom we send to these intersociety meetings (e.g., AMA, American Psychiatric Association, and American Psychological Association) be psychologists who have the MD in addition to the PhD (we have several of these, e.g., J. G. Miller, Arnold Gesell, Norman Cameron), and, furthermore, that the other societies make an effort to send delegates who have considerable formal training in psychology in addition to their standard medical training. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)