无机阻燃剂高聚合度聚磷酸铵的研制

以五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素为原料、氨气为保护气,制备了高聚合度聚磷酸铵无机阻燃剂。考察了五氧化二磷、磷酸铵盐、尿素的用量和反应温度对聚磷酸铵平均聚合度的影响。采用端基滴定法测定了聚磷酸铵的聚合度,并用X射线衍射(XRD)法表征了聚磷酸铵的晶体结构,同时测定了聚磷酸铵的粒度和溶解度。实验结果表明,制备聚磷酸铵的最佳反应条件为:n(磷酸氢二铵)∶n(五氧化二磷)∶n(尿素)=1∶1∶0.3,反应温度280~300℃,反应时间40m in,热处理温度250~280℃,热处理时间110m in。在此条件下制备的聚磷酸铵的平均聚合度大于600,平均粒径直径小于50μm,在水中的溶解度小于0.4g;XRD表征结果表明,所合成的物质为Ⅱ型聚磷酸铵。     

五氧化二钽薄膜的制备及其I-U特性

本文利用脉冲直流反应磁控溅射的方法制备了五氧化二钽 (Ta2 O5)薄膜 ,俄歇电子能谱仪测试了薄膜的成分含量 ,椭偏仪测试了Ta2 O5薄膜的厚度和折射率 ,XRD分析了薄膜的晶体结构 ,并且分别研究了氧气含量、基底温度等成膜工艺对薄膜的影响。研究结果表明薄膜的成分主要是由氧气含量决定的。利用金属 绝缘体 (介质膜 ) 金属 (MIM)结构初步对Ta2 O5薄膜进行了电学性能的测试 :皮安电流电压源测试了薄膜的I U特性 ,制备出的薄膜折射率在 2 1～ 2 2 ,MIM的I U特性曲线显示了较好的对称性和低的漏电流密度     

含钒废水净化回收技术研究

本文讨论了五氧化二钒生产过程中所排出废水的处理方法。认为采用焦亚硫酸钠及硫酸亚铁联合还原中和法为最佳,其技术关键为联合还原剂投料比、pH值、时间及含钒污泥提钒。年处理18万吨废水,可消除80余吨Cr~(+6)、V、Cu等重金属离子污染黄浦江上游水源,能回收粗红钒和含钒污泥提钒,使金属回收率提高4％。     

胶体五氧化二锑研究现状及发展方向

对胶体五乳化二锑的研究现状进行了回顾，详细概述了胶体五乳化二锑的各种制备方法及其特点和适用范围，讨论了两种成胶理论。针对目前存在的问题，对胶体五乳化二锑的研究方向及研究重点提出了几点建议。     

Quantum chemical SINDO1 study of vanadium pentoxide

An improved set of parameters for vanadium in the semiempirical quantum chemical SCF MO method SINDO1 is presented. It is shown that both the geometries and heats of formation of a number of vanadium-containing compounds calculated by this method are in good agreement with available experimental data. Model clusters of increasing size are used for the study of geometric and energetic properties of vanadium pentoxide. Both hydrogen atom and proton adsorption on the (010) surface of vanadium pentoxide and a subsequent formation of different oxygen vacancies have been investigated. Based on these computational results the reactivities of V₂O₅-surface oxygen atoms for adsorption are discussed.     

Li-intercalation electrochemical/electrochromic properties of vanadium pentoxide films by sol electrophoretic deposition

Thin films of orthorhombic V₂O₅ have been prepared by sol electrophoretic deposition (EPD) followed by post-treatment at 500 °C. Their electrochemical and optical performances have been investigated for possible applications in electrochemical/electrochromic devices. Li⁺-intercalation properties of the films have been explored in two voltage ranges: 0.4 to −1.1 V and 0.4 to −1.6 V versus Ag/Ag⁺, respectively. High capacities of over 300 mAh/g are acquired in the wider voltage range at a current density of 50 μA/cm² and moderate capacities of 140 and 110 mAh/g are obtained in the narrower voltage range at a current density of 25 and 50 μA/cm², respectively. Electrochemical measurements have shown that the films demonstrate good cyclability in both voltage ranges. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and optical spectra have been used to examine the changes in crystallinity, microstructure, morphology and transmittance of the films during cycling. Films cycled to a deeper voltage of −1.6 V versus Ag/Ag⁺ deliver higher capacity with appreciable morphological change, while films cycled in the narrower voltage range show moderate capacity and maintain the morphology, optical responses and crystalline structure. Voltage range can be optimized in between to acquire both high capacity and stability in structure, electrochemical and optical properties. High Li⁺-intercalation capacity and good cyclic stability are attributed to the porous structure of V₂O₅ films prepared by EPD.     

五氧化二锑胶体的制备及应用

叙述了以锑白为原料，用双氧水氧化法制备水系及有机系五氧化二锑胶体的过程，并介绍了五氧化二锑胶体的应用。     

乙酰丙酮氧钒的合成与应用

乙酰丙酮氧钒作为助催化剂与烷基过氧化物及其它氧化剂结合可以氧化很多有机官能团,介绍了其在有机合成中的应用,并以五氧化二钒、乙酰丙酮以及双氧水为原料合成目标产物,收率85%。     

新疆石煤料团流化床焙烧提钒试验研究

在一台小型流化床燃烧试验台上对新疆石煤料团进行了焙烧特性的试验,着重考察了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、流化风速、添加剂种类对焙烧成球率的影响,并对飞灰、底渣、床料进行收集采样,利用水浸、质量分数为2%的Na2CO3溶液、6%的H2SO4溶液、10%的H2SO4溶液对各种样品浸取提钒,研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取方式对转浸率的影响.结果表明:采用水泥为添加剂,温度为930℃,焙烧时间为90min,采用质量分数为10%的H2SO4溶液酸浸,可得较高焙烧成球率和转浸率,钒总回收率约为55.1%,同时可有效回收石煤热能,用于产汽发电.     

推荐一种新硝化剂五氧化二氮及其工业化的生产方法

硝化是化学工业广泛应用的反应，但常规硝化剂是由浓硝酸和浓硫酸混成的，它是一种非常落后且危险性很大的硝化剂。五氧化二氧硝化剂比常规混合酸硝化剂有五大优点，因为它可用半渗透膜电解池法制造，所以今天五氧化二氮商品可以由工业化装置生产，建议国内各浓硝酸生产结合各自工艺特长创造发展新硝化剂生产。