Evaluation of fumonisin exposure by determination of fumonisin B1 in human hair and in Brazilian corn products

The aim of this study was to evaluate the dietary exposure to fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) through determination of residual FB₁ in hair and corn products consumed by 56 volunteers from Pirassununga and Erval Velho, Brazil. Data from FB₁ analyses in corn products and a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used for estimating the mean probable daily intake (PDI_M) for FB₁. FB₁ was detected in 4 human hair samples (7.2%), at a mean level of 21.3 ± 12.1 ng g⁻¹. The mean FB₁ level found in corn products was 360.4 ± 555.1 μg kg⁻¹. The PDI_M value of FB₁ in volunteers was 159 ± 47 ng kg⁻¹ body weight day⁻¹ which represents 7.9% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI) recommended for fumonisins. The FB₁ levels found in human hair samples from each volunteer were associated with their individual PDI of FB₁, indicating that exposure to FB₁ in the sample studied do not represent a health concern. This is the first report on the incidence of FB₁ in individual human hair in Brazil.     

狗经氡子体暴露后血、毛中~(210)Pb 和~(210)Po 含量的动态变化

本文叙述了实验狗经氡子体暴露后血、毛中~(210)Po、~(210)Pb 含量、~(210)po/~(210)Pb 比率及血中~(210)Po,~(210)Pb 排出的动态变化。     

1,10-邻二氮菲-苦味酸三元配合物分光光度法测定痕量铁

利用在醋酸 -醋酸钠缓冲溶液 (pH4.6)中Fe2 +与 1,10 -邻二氮菲 -苦味酸盐形成橙红色配合物的显色反应 ,建立了一种新的测定人发中痕量铁的分光光度法 ,用于正常人及患者头发中的痕量铁分析。     

Data-driven hair segmentation with isomorphic manifold inference

Hair segmentation is challenging due to the diverse appearance, irregular region boundary and the influence of complex background. To deal with this problem, we propose a novel data-driven method, named Isomorphic Manifold Inference (IMI). The IMI method assumes the coarse probability map and the binary segmentation map as a couple of isomorphic manifolds and tries to learn hair specific priors from manually labeled training images. For an input image, firstly, the method calculates a coarse probability map. Then it exploits regression techniques to obtain the relationship between the coarse probability map of the test image and those of training images. Finally, this relationship, i.e., a coefficient set, is transferred to the binary segmentation maps and a soft segmentation of the test image will be achieved by a linear combination of those binary maps. Further, we employ this soft segmentation as a shape cue and integrate it with color and texture cues into a unified segmentation framework. A better segmentation is achieved by the Graph Cuts optimization. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate effectiveness of the IMI method, compare contributions of different cues and investigate the generalization of IMI method. The results strongly encourage our method.     

可调脉宽YAG激光脱毛机研究

介绍了可调脉宽YAG激光脱毛机的工作原理，整机结构和关键技术指标。该机工作频率为1次／秒，脉宽可达40ms，单脉冲输出可达40J，能量密度达140J／cm^2，经初步临床实验，取得了较满意的结果。     

Cosmetic assessment of the human hair by confocal microscopy

The optical sectioning property of the confocal microscope offers a breakthrough from the classic observation of the hair in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Confocal microscopy requires minimal sampling preparation, and the hair can be observed in its natural environment with less damage than by other microscopic methods such as SEM. While used in the reflection mode, the true morphology of the cuticle and the various exogenous deposits at the surface can be identified and quantified. This relatively noninvasive, nondestructive technique is routinely used by us to monitor the efficiency of cleansing shampoos, to assess the homogeneity of layering polymers, and to evaluate the changes they induce in the optical properties of the hair surface in terms of opacity, transparency, and brilliancy. A second important field of investigation uses the fluorescence channel which reveals the internal structure of the hair. Fluorescent probes (rhodamine and its derivatives) demonstrate the routes of penetration and outline the geometry of cortical cells and of the medulla according to their lipophilic or hydrophilic properties. A volume rendering of a hair cylinder provides a better understanding of the interrelationships between cuticle cells, cortical cells, and the medullar channel. This recent technology is becoming an invaluable tool for the cosmetic assessment of the hair.     

EDXRF法测定人发中Ca,Fe,Cu和Zn的含量

本文介绍了国产管激发能量色散Ｘ射线荧光分析仪同时测定人发中Ｃａ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｕ和Ｚｎ的分析方法。该方法采用在人发样品中加入内标元素Ｙ，用化学法溶解人发，制成分析试样，用Ｘ射线荧光分析仪测定试样中的上述元素。此方法对这４种元素的检测限依次为７×ｌ０￣（－６）、ｌ×１０￣（－６）、４×１０￣（－６）和３×１０￣（－６），其变异系数分别为６％、ｌ％、２％和２％。     

Prevalence and predictors of exposure to multiple metals in preschool children from Montevideo, Uruguay

The extent of children's exposure to multiple toxic metals is not well described in many developing countries. We examined metal exposures in young children (6-37 months) from Montevideo, Uruguay and their mothers (15-47 years) participating in a community-based study. Hair samples collected from 180 children and their mothers were analyzed for: lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), and arsenic (As) concentration using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Median metal levels (μg/g) were: Pb 13.69, Mn 1.45, Cd 0.17, and As 0.09 for children and Pb 4.27, Mn 1.42, Cd 0.08, and As 0.02 for mothers. Of the child and maternal samples, 1.7% and 2.9% were below the limit of detection (LOD) for Cd, and 21.3% and 38.5% were below the LOD for As, respectively. Correlations between maternal and child levels ranged 0.38-0.55 (p < 0.01). Maternal hair metal levels were the strongest predictors of metal concentrations in children's hair. Girls had significantly lower As levels than boys (p < 0.01) but did not differ on other metals. In addition, in bivariate logistic regressions predicting the likelihood that the child would be exposed to multiple metals, hemoglobin < 10.5 g/dL (OR = 2.12, p < 0.05), blood lead (OR = 1.17, p < 0.01), and the mother being exposed to two or more metals (OR = 3.34, p < 0.01) were identified as significant predictors of increased likelihood of multiple metal exposure. Older child age (OR = 0.96, p < 0.05), higher maternal education (OR = 0.35, p < 0.01), and higher number of household possessions (OR = 0.83, p < 0.01) were significantly associated with decreased likelihood of multiple metal exposure. Preschool children in Uruguay are exposed to multiple metals at levels that in other studies have been associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits. Sources of exposure, as well as cognitive and behavioral consequences of multiple metal exposure, should be investigated in this population.     

Fluoride in drinking water and dental fluorosis

In this study we determined the fluoride content in drinking water and hair of 12-year-old schoolchildren from different Serbian municipalities, i.e. Valjevo, Veliko Gradiste, Kacarevo and Vranjska Banja. The analyses were performed using composite fluoride ion-selective electrode. Average fluoride levels were 0.10, 0.15, 0.79 and 11 ppm in well water, 0.07, 0.10, 0.17 and 0.15 ppm in tap water, 19.3, 21.5, 25.4, and 32.5 ppm in hair samples, in Valjevo, Veliko Gradiste, Kacarevo and Vranjska Banja, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated statistically significant positive relationship between fluoride in wells water and fluoride in hair, for all municipalities: correlation coefficients were 0.54 (p < 0.05), 0.89, 0.97 and 0.99 (p < 0.001), in Vranjska Banja, Valjevo, Veliko Gradiste, and Kacarevo, respectively. Positive correlation was obtained also between fluoride in tap water and hair samples in all regions under the study, with statistical significance only in Valjevo municipality, p < 0.05. Dental examination of schoolchildren confirmed dental fluorosis only in the region of Vranjska Banja. Moreover, in endemic fluorotic region of Vranjska Banja, positive and statistically significant correlations were confirmed between fluoride in well water and dental fluorosis level (r = 0.61; p < 0.01) and additionally between fluoride in hair and dental fluorosis level (0.62; p < 0.01). The primary findings from this study have shown that fluoride content in hair is highly correlated with fluoride content in drinking water and dental fluorosis level, indicating that hair may be regarded as biomaterial of high informative potential in evaluating prolonged exposure to fluorides and to individuate children at risk of fluorosis regardless of the phase of teeth eruption.