基于报废量预测的电子废弃物回收产业现状与对策 —— 以长三角为例

长三角为我国经济最活跃、电子废弃物回收产业发展相对完善的地区之一。运用stata多元回归分析报废量的影响因素,用Holt模型预测长三角区域电子废弃物报废量。结果显示, 2050年电视机累计报废量将达到35亿台,手机报废量将达到65亿部。通过分析长三角电子废弃物回收产业规模、回收体系、地方性法律政策及公共意识4个方面,发现在回收体系构建方面,仍然存在非正规回收渠道占据主要市场,正规企业产能过剩以及回收点覆盖不合理等问题。结合未来电子废弃物报废量与回收产业现状,提出了系统性的政策建议。     

美国电子废物回收法规概览

详细介绍了美国各州电子废物回收法规的情况，对比了加利福尼亚、缅因、马里兰和华盛顿4州电子废物法规的异同以及其他州立法的情况，最后将美国法规与欧盟和151本进行了简单的对比。     

电子废弃物回收镓技术的研究进展

含镓电子废弃物通常可分为废弃电子产品及其生产过程中产生的含镓废料两类,由于伴生重金属、易燃有机物等有害物质而具有环境和资源的双重属性,其资源循环近年来受到广泛关注。镓在电子废弃物中主要以化合物形式赋存,具有伴生元素多、物理化学性质稳定等特征。本工作系统梳理了含镓电子废弃物回收处理现状,总结了湿法冶金、火法冶金及生物冶金等技术在回收不同种类的含镓电子废弃物的应用,并通过对比不同物理化学属性的含镓物料使用回收技术以及分离、净化方式的不同,指出了目前现存的回收含镓电子废料的技术问题及未来的发展方向。     

电子废弃物的生物代谢酸浸出(英文)

The revolution in information and communication technology has brought huge technical benefits and wealth,but has created a major global problem:the generation of vast amounts of electronic waste,or e-waste through product obsolesce.The challenge in managing e-waste will be in developing sustainable recycling technologies that are able to address the volume and complexity of this waste using cost effective and ecologically sensitive methods.In this study,the capability of microorganism metabolic acids in dissolving the metallic fractions from waste printed circuit boards was examined.Several factors were considered in the examination of the activity of the acids including secondary reactions,solution pH,temperature and the nature of ligands in solutions(or bioacid constituents).The leaching tests were conducted ex-situ,using synthetic organic acids.Leaching was performed for periods of up to 6 h at 70-90℃ and 1000 r·min-1.     

A green supply chain is a requirement for profitability

Many companies are not dramatically changing to more sustainable environmental practices despite pressure from the investment community, the government and consumers. This study explores a simple model that companies can use to understand and improve supply chain sustainability practices. It applies this model in two case studies, Coca-Cola, a leader in global sustainability, and Apple, a company that has only recently started to develop a sustainability strategy. The model was developed through a review of existing research and an application of supply chain principles. The results of this study demonstrate that following this model to eliminate waste throughout the supply chain will make the supply chain more profitable. The outcomes from this study highlight the importance for every company to do so in order to stay competitive. This study is unique in the relative simplicity of its model, combined with the supporting evidence that a sustainable supply chain is the same as a supply chain that is using best practices to reduce waste.     

Interference-Free Determination of REEs in Electronic Waste Using ICP Optical Emission Spectroscopy

Recently, the demand for REEs （rare earth elements） has been heavily increasing, as they are used in many high-tech products （e.g., because of their specific magnetic behavior）. As a result, the supply situation for REEs is worsening and the world market is depending on Chinese exports, so that it may be worthwhile to recycle e-waste （electronic waste） in European countries. This article describes an analytical method to analyze REEs in different kinds of e-waste with the help of a simultaneous ICP-OES （ICP optical emission spectrometer）. The task is challenging because samples show significant differences in terms of major, minor and trace element concentrations. Depending on the field of application, the level of matrix elements and target elements differs completely, resulting in a wide variety of spectral interferences. The method presented in this article allows an accurate quantification of REEs as well as a high sample throughput. In addition to REEs, other elements of economic interest can be determined in the same way. The development of a sample preparation process is another important issue and considered as well.     

Extending an ICT4D Computer Re-use Model with E-waste Handling Activities: A Case Study

This paper illustrates how a computer re-use model can be extended to deal with e-waste challenges. First, we describe the re-use of computers as a factor that can help bridge the global digital divide. In an ICT4D context, refurbished computers can be used in developing countries. We describe and illustrate the operating model of such a computer re-use organization, highlighting the different components and interactions of the operating model. Next, we discuss how e-waste puts this computer re-use model under pressure. We argue that the sustainability of computer re-use in an ICT4D context is seriously impacted by this increasing e-waste problem. Finally, we describe how a computer re-use model can be extended and complemented with e-waste handling activities to retain positive effects in an ICT4D context. The paper is based on a single case study.     

景观作为基础设施:南京城郊电子垃圾填埋场的生态整合策略

随着电子产品更换速度的日益加快,每年大量产生的"电子垃圾"已经成为严重的生态问题。中国既是电子垃圾的主要制造国,又是发达国家电子垃圾出口的最大目的地之一,饱受"垃圾围城"之苦。从电子垃圾填埋场的选址、污染控制及具体修复措施等入手,针对当前垃圾填埋场建设过程中存在的问题,提出景观优先、生态整合的策略;并以南京城郊即将搬迁的某军用机场的转型为契机,尝试提出将电子垃圾的回收处理过程融入全新"景观基础设施"建设中的构想,对城市边缘区的城市化模式提出反思。     

典型电子废弃物塑料中重金属的含量差异分析

废弃塑料是电子废弃物的重要组成部分,鉴于重金属等添加剂在塑料中的广泛应用,明确其中重金属的含量与分布信息对于废弃塑料的资源化和无害化处理处置均显得至关重要.以CRT电视机、洗衣机和空调等典型电子废弃物为研究对象,探究了不同类型、不同国家品牌和不同时间制造的电子废弃物塑料外壳中重金属含量与分布的差异.研究结果表明,重金属...     

Decouple and compare the role of abiotic factors and developed iron and sulphur oxidizers for enhanced extraction of metals from television printed circuit boards

Chemical leaching agents were compared for metal extractions from selected e-waste. Effect of iron, sulphur oxidizers and the formulated consortium were investigated for metals extraction from television printed circuit boards. The consortium showed maximum metal leaching efficiency. The bioleaching profile was studied as a function of pH, redox potential, acid consumed and the amount of Cu, Zn and Ni extracted. At 10 g/L of e-waste, 90%, 93% and 87% of Cu, Zn and Ni were extracted within 96 h. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic and pyrite were found beneficial. Two-step process resulted in more metal extraction even at 100 g/L pulp density.