采用循环伏安法研究微孔型多孔炭电极的电容特性

以酚醛树脂为原料,KOH为活化剂,制备出3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭(孔径≤2 nm)。在低温氮气吸附法测定BET比表面积和孔结构的基础上,采用循环伏安法考察了这3种微孔型多孔炭作电极的双电层电容器(EDLC)的电容特性。实验结果表明,微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的电容特性是:在低扫描速率下,其循环伏安曲线达到电容平台后在高电压(±1.0 V)附近出现峰电容;延长在电解液中的浸渍时间,电极的比电容增大,高电位附近的峰电容减小。3种不同孔径分布的微孔型多孔炭作电极的EDLC的循环伏安特性受浸渍时间影响的程度也不同。     

Micropore characterization using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze high pressure CO2 (273 K) adsorption data

The characterization of the pore structure of microporous materials is of interest because of the usefulness of these materials in many applications. Of these, the characterization of carbon adsorbents is particularly problematic because of the presence of small pores with size on the order of small molecules (micropores) along with a wide distribution of pore sizes, and their non-crystalline structure. In this paper, we present results obtained using the Dubinin-Astakhov equation to analyze data from high pressure CO₂ adsorption at 273 K to characterize two sets of microporous carbons. Our results support the conclusions of previous workers that the Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation is able to linearize adsorption data that gives rise to curved Dubinin-Radushkevich plots. However, when applied over different ranges of relative pressure on the adsorption isotherm, the Dubinin-Astakhov plots result in different values of micropore volume and characteristic adsorption potential. Furthermore, DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) adsorption data over a wide range of pressures (10^–3–22000 Tort), gives results different from DA analysis of CO₂ (273 K) isotherms measured at low pressures only (10^–3–830 Tort). It would appear desirable to apply the DA equation to data that reflects the entire range of micropore filling on the adsorption isotherm, as opposed to data over a limited relative pressure range. For CO₂ adsorption at 273 K, this would necessitate adsorption studies at high pressures, to about 28 atm. Micropore volumes obtained in this manner, agreed with the total pore volumes determined by nitrogen (77 K) adsorption for all the activated carbons studied.     

海绵状涤纶改性纤维及其纱线的性能测试与分析

采用线密度基本相同的海绵状涤纶改性纤维加工的纱线与普通纯涤纶纱线及涤棉混纺纱线进行单强、弹性、条干、毛羽、吸湿性及快干性的展开研究,展示海绵状涤纶改性纤维纱线比纯涤纶纱线更好的吸湿性、快干性、弹性、手感柔滑蓬松性,为改性涤纶产品的开发与运用提供了依据。     

PAC改善防水透湿涂层织物性能的研究

以聚阴离子纤维素（PAC）作为水性聚丙烯酸酯类DS330涂层剂的增稠剂（PAC与水以1：20质量比溶解配制成糊状胶液后添加使用）,利用其烘干成膜过程中脱水絮凝而破坏涂层膜局部连续性,并通过适当控制工艺条件形成大量符合要求的透湿微孔,从而大大改善了涂层织物的透湿性能。其透湿量达到了4400g／（m2·24h）,且硬挺度小、力学性能较好,可满足人们穿着舒适性要求,而且克服了纤维素类增稠弃3流平性差,易受微生物攻击等缺点,生产工艺简单、经济、环保。     

A comparison of desorption process of Chinese and Australian lignites by dynamic vapour sorption

Modified BET model and Do and Do (D.D.) model were chosen to interpret the desorption process of water on hard and soft lignites. The organic and inorganic hydrophilic sites were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy. From the modified BET model, only a small part of hydrophilic sites (HSs) acted as effective primary sites due to space restraint, intramolecular hydrogen bond and maybe more than one hydrophilic site connecting with one water molecule. From the D.D. model, the total adsorption sites (S_t) of Loy Yang lignite (LY) is 18.7 mmol/g, which is higher than that of Shengli (SL) 17.0 mmol/g in spite of lower primary sites, and the saturation concentration of water (q_us) in the micropore of LY is 33.7 mmol/g, which is much higher than that of SL (12.5 mmol/g). So the high moisture-holding capacity of LY is mainly determined by the high S_t and q_us, and not the primary sites. The size of water clusters entering the micropores is 7 for SL and 6 for LY, which is related to relative location of HS. When dewatered, the higher total sites density and smaller water cluster size of LY both implied higher dewatering energy.     

土壤中黑碳的分离及其孔结构分析

采用化学氧化法从土壤中提取黑碳样品，并用扫描电镜、吸附脱附等温线、H-K 微孔分布、BJH 中孔分布分析了土壤中黑碳的孔结构情况。     

基于MD探究FeO/Fe中晶内微孔洞对FeO破裂的影响

氧化皮中的微孔洞直接影响着氧化皮的破裂性能。利用分子动力学(MD)模拟软件Lammps对含有微孔洞的FeO/Fe多晶模型进行拉伸模拟,研究了不同微孔洞数量情况下微孔洞尺寸对多晶FeO/Fe模型拉伸断裂的影响。研究发现,微孔洞数量相同时,FeO模型的抗拉强度随孔洞尺寸的增大呈现“下降→上升→下降”的趋势,表明了在一定范围内的孔洞尺寸会提高材料的抗拉强度,然而,此时的孔洞尺寸会降低材料的断裂韧性。中心对称参数CSP显示,原子紊乱程度由高到低的区域依次为孔洞处、晶界处、FeO/Fe界面处及FeO晶粒内部。研究结果为氧化皮的破裂机理提供了新的研究思路。     

气体在13X分子筛晶内有效扩散系数的研究与测定

采用单颗粒反应器技术,在293～433K温度范围内,用He,H_2,CO_2,C_2H_4气体对13X沸石分子筛上的晶间扩散与晶内扩散进行了研究与测定,并通过理论分析,提出了气体在13X分子筛晶内有效扩散系数的计算模型。     

水热模板法制备的纳米微孔镍锌铁氧体

以镍、锌、铁的硫酸盐为原料、三乙胺和聚乙二醇作为模板剂,采用水热模板法制备了纳米镍锌铁氧体粉体,并通过红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积检测(BET)、扫描电镜(SEM)、密度测量等手段对样品进行表征.结果表明,水热模板法制备的纳米微孔镍锌铁氧体为尖晶石型;模板剂的引入使产物形成了孔结构,平均孔径为14 nm左右,且密度降低;SEM显示产物颗粒较小,粒度分布较均匀,分散性好.