Chemical Effects of Radiation Emitted from 10B(n, γ)7Li Reaction on Mixture of n-Propylamine and n-Propanol

The long term variation of the mean dose due to natural radiation in Japan received by an individual person was investigated. The mean exposure rate in each prefecture obtained by in-situ measurements was adopted as a basis of the radiation level. Population data were taken from both the resident registration and the census taking into account the essential difference of their meanings. It was revealed that the per capita dose due to outdoor natural radiaiton in Japan has been decreasing in the last approximate 30 yr. It will be due to the population movement from countrysides towards urban areas. That is because countrysides generally consist of stable mountainlands where granitic rocks distribute though urban areas generally consist of alluvial plains where volcanic ash or humus dominates. Although the contribution of low radiation level (below 9.0μR/h) areas to the nation-wide collective dose still remains under 50%, its relative importance has certainly been increasing in the last three decades. It is expected that human population will be the dominating factor which eventually controls the mean dose due to natural radiation in Japan.     

新型氨基醇阻锈剂在氯盐污染钢筋混凝土中的应用

对一种新型氨基醇作为掺入型阻锈剂使用的阻锈效果进行了表征.腐蚀试验中分别采用0.35％氯化钠溶液和3.50％氯化钠溶液为拌合水,模拟了两种有代表性的氯盐污染水平,对钢筋的腐蚀速率及掺加阻锈剂后的阻锈效果进行了测试,并与传统的亚硝酸钙的阻锈效果进行了对比.同时,还对掺加阻锈剂后对混凝土强度的影响以及钢筋锈蚀后的表面形貌及化学组成进行了试验研究.结果表明,这类新型的氨基醇对混凝土抗弯及抗压强度均无不利影响,且能非常有效地抑制氯盐对钢筋表面钝化膜的破坏.阻锈剂的存在会引起钢筋表面锈蚀产物形貌的变化,但对锈蚀产物的化学组成影响不大.     

一种改进的由氨基酸酯制备手性氨基醇的新方法

采用NaBH4/CeCl3作为还原体系,在无水甲醇溶剂中,将氨基酸甲酯还原为相应的手性氨基醇。以L-苯丙氨酸甲酯还原制备L-苯丙氨醇的反应为研究对象,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度及时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明:在n(L-苯丙氨酸甲酯)∶n(CeCl3)=1∶2、反应温度30℃、反应时间2 h的优化条件下,L-苯丙氨醇收率为90.3%。本法有操作简便,收率高等优点,该反应为制备手性氨基醇提供了一种新的有用的合成方法。     

新手性试剂(1R,2S)-2-氨基醇的合成

采用格氏试剂C6H13MgBr和C10H2MgBr对光学活性O-TMS保护的(R)-氰醇的氰基加成,随之用NaBH4对亚胺化合物立体诱导还原氢化,以98%的de值合成了两个新的手性试剂(1R,2S)-2-氨基醇,产率分别达到59%和62%.并通过X射线单晶结构分析法测定了分子结构和晶体结构.