SINA: Semantic interpretation of user queries for question answering on interlinked data

The architectural choices underlying Linked Data have led to a compendium of data sources which contain both duplicated and fragmented information on a large number of domains. One way to enable non-experts users to access this data compendium is to provide keyword search frameworks that can capitalize on the inherent characteristics of Linked Data. Developing such systems is challenging for three main reasons. First, resources across different datasets or even within the same dataset can be homonyms. Second, different datasets employ heterogeneous schemas and each one may only contain a part of the answer for a certain user query. Finally, constructing a federated formal query from keywords across different datasets requires exploiting links between the different datasets on both the schema and instance levels. We present Sina, a scalable keyword search system that can answer user queries by transforming user-supplied keywords or natural-languages queries into conjunctive SPARQL queries over a set of interlinked data sources. Sina uses a hidden Markov model to determine the most suitable resources for a user-supplied query from different datasets. Moreover, our framework is able to construct federated queries by using the disambiguated resources and leveraging the link structure underlying the datasets to query. We evaluate Sina over three different datasets. We can answer 25 queries from the QALD-1 correctly. Moreover, we perform as well as the best question answering system from the QALD-3 competition by answering 32 questions correctly while also being able to answer queries on distributed sources. We study the runtime of SINA in its mono-core and parallel implementations and draw preliminary conclusions on the scalability of keyword search on Linked Data.     

通用在线考试系统的设计与实现

目前的大多数考试系统都局限于某个学科或者专业,而忽略其通用性的研究,通过对通用在线考试系统进行需求分析,了解系统的功能需求,设计出系统功能模块例如学生考试、题库管理、考卷评分和考试分析。给出关键模块的实现细节,并实现一个完善的通用在线考试系统。     

多跳机器阅读理解研究进展

与常规的单跳机器阅读理解相比,多跳机器阅读理解（MHMRC）需要在多个相关文档段落中进行多跳推理以实现对复杂问题的理解和回答,其更接近于人类的语言推理能力,具有广阔的应用前景但也极具挑战性。阐述MHMRC的研究背景,将现有方法根据适用场景分为封闭集合问答和开放域问答两类,主要包括基于问题分解的方法、基于图神经网络的方法、改进检索的方法、基于推理路径的方法等,分别从模型架构、特点、优劣等方面进行分析。介绍用于多跳推理的非结构化文本数据集和评测指标,对比各模型的性能表现。在此基础上,分析目前MHMRC研究的热点与难点,指出未来发展方向。     

基于查询路径排序的知识库问答系统

该文提出了一种基于查询路径排序的知识库问答系统。为了将简单问题与复杂的多约束问题统一处理,同时提高系统的准确性,该系统采用基于LambdaRank算法构建的排序模型,对查询路径按照与问题的相关度大小进行排序,选择与问题相关度最高的路径用于抽取答案。同时,该系统还应用了一种融合方法以提高实体识别的准确性。该文所构建的系统在CCKS2019 KBQA任务与CCKS2020 KBQA任务上均取得了较好的效果。     

社区问答系统研究综述

作为一种新兴的知识共享模式,社区问答系统(CQA)具有交互性、开放性的特点,能够更好地满足为用户提供个性化的信息服务的需求。对社区问答系统的研究及应用现状进行综述,系统阐述了用户行为模式、内容质量检测、问题检索等CQA中主要问题的研究以及CQA在其他媒体中的应用。最后展望了CQA中下一步值得研究的问题。本讨论有助于进一步丰富和拓展CQA的研究。     

问答系统研究现状

问答系统是信息检索的高级形式,也是该领域的研究重点和热点。该文首先给出问答系统的定义,然后对现有各类问答系统进行了介绍,并对其核心技术、测评标准进行了分析,最后对问答系统的发展方向进行了展望。     

基于句法结构特征分析及分类技术的答案提取算法

由于中文自然语言处理的特点和困难以及相应的语言处理基础资源的相对缺乏,使得国外一些成熟技术和研究成果不能直接应用到中文问答系统中.为此,针对中文事实型问答系统,提出一种新的基于句法结构特征分析及分类技术的答案提取算法,该方法将答案提取问题看成是候选答案的分类问题,即将候选答案分类为正确和错误两类.首先,该方法根据与问题类型所对应的候选答案的类型信息,从文本片断中提取出候选答案及其在句子中的简单特征和句法结构特征;然后利用这些特征训练分类器;最后用训练得到的分类器判别候选答案是否为正确答案.针对中文事实性问题,该方法与目前典型的基于模式匹配的中文答案提取算法相比,准确率提升6.2%,MRR提升9.7%.     

A weighted string pattern matching-based passage ranking algorithm for video question answering

Video question answering aims to pinpoint answers in response to user’s specified questions. However, most question answering technologies involve in integrating rich specific external knowledge such as syntactic parsers, which are often unavailable for many languages. In this paper, we present a new string pattern matching-based passage ranking algorithm for extending traditional text Q/A toward videoQ/A. Users interact with our videoQ/A system through natural language questions whereas our system returns three sentence-length passages with corresponding video clips as answers. We collect 45 GB Discovery videos and 253 Chinese questions for evaluation. The experimental results showed that our method outperformed six top-performed ranking models. It is 7.39% better than the second best method (language model-based) in relatively MRR score and 6.12% in precision rate. Besides, we also show that the use of a trained Chinese word segmentation tool did decrease the overall videoQ/A performance where most ranking algorithms dropped at least 10% in relatively MRR, precision, and answer pattern recall rates.     

k-best MIRA和动态k-best MIRA

MIRA(Margin Infused Relaxed Algorithm)是一种超保守算法,在分类、排序、回归等应用领域都取得不错成绩.文中在传统MIRA算法基础上进行改进,提出k-best MIRA(K-MIRA)与动态k-best MIRA(DK-MIRA)算法.这两种算法能够根据学习进程自动调整优化约束条件,从而提高算法的收敛速度与性能.将K-MIRA与DK-MIRA用于定义类问题回答中的句子排序任务,取得较为满意的实验结果.     

海安方言的“可VP”句式

本文描绘和分析了存在于海安方言中的“可ＶＰ”问句在疑问词、疑问句式、疑问焦点及停顿等方面不同于一般方言的特殊性,并以《西游记》、《红楼梦》等名著中的例子进行参证。最后,指明这种句式是非问的性质。