ATM协议的测试研究及其应用

协议一致性测试和互操作性测试是保证不同厂商的ＡＴＭ产品和服务实现完全的互通的重要技术手段，本文分析了ＡＴＭ协议的测试需求，提出了适合的测试结构和测试描述技术，并结合适配层协议ＣＰＡＡＬ５讨论了协议集成测试系统ＰＴＴＳ在ＡＴＭ协议测试中的应用。     

Cost estimation of structural skeleton using an interactive automation algorithm: A conceptual approach

This paper addresses a new concept for generating bills of quantities (B.o.Qs) using AutoCAD drawings for a building project, which demonstrates the application of Industry Foundation Class (IFC), developed by International Alliance for Interoperability (IAI). The procedure considers types of materials and the structural shapes of the AutoCAD drawings to compute the cost of the structural skeleton elements using interactive automation. The main concept focuses on using layer computation of the AutoCAD drawing after converting it into a drawing inter-exchangeable file format (DXF). Once the coordinates are detected, it is easier to determine the area and volume for any structural shape, including circles and polygons. The extracting method is a new technique for structural engineers and quantity surveyors to estimate required material for beam, columns, slabs and foundations. The algorithm extracts and recognizes the layers and objects from a two dimensional DXF drawing along with the coordinates information. The results obtained using this technique are more accurate and reliable than manual procedures or any other traditional techniques. In this paper, an automated and interactive procedure for B.o.Q computation is demonstrated. The process involves a user-friendly interface, dynamic linking to the structural drawings and tracking of B.o.Q modifications at the same time.     

e-LITE： A Concurrent Engineering Method Dedicated to E-learning Training Development for the Enhancement of Research Project Results

Scientific research projects aim to produce new knowledge generally in domains of high specialization.Some of these projects have goals of improving the performance of companies.In this case,the issues of the capitalization and transfer of scientific knowledge and its rapid transformation into professional skills are directly addressed.However,there is no method to derive e-learning teaching material from project results.So,this paper presents the e-LITE Method and its application to the ISTA3 project to support the process of developing a e-learning training.This application has allowed us to highlight the contributions of the method that promotes better knowledge sharing between partners of a research project and the development and transfer of research results to the professional world.So,after the presentation of the method,an application to the ISTA3 project will be presented.     

New trends on e-Procurement applying semantic technologies: Current status and future challenges

The present paper introduces and reviews existing technology and research works in the field of e-Procurement. More specifically this survey aims to collect those relevant approaches that have tackled the challenge of delivering more advanced and intelligent e-Procurement management systems due to its relevance in the industry to afford more timely, adaptable and flexible decisions in purchasing processes. Although existing tools and techniques have demonstrated their ability to manage e-Procurement processes as a part of a supply management system there is a lack of interoperability among tools, tangled dependencies between processes or difficulties to exploit existing data and information to name a few that are preventing a proper use of the new dynamic and data-based environment. On the other hand semantic-based technologies emerge to provide the adequate building blocks to represent domain-knowledge and elevate the meaning of information resources through a common and shared data model (RDF) with a formal query language (SPARQL) and accessible via the Internet Protocols. In this sense the Linked Data effort has gained momentum to apply the principles of the aforementioned initiative to boost the re-use of information and data across different tools and processes. That is why authors review both existing open issues in the context e-Procurement with special focus on public procurement and semantic-based approaches to address them. To do so a preliminary research study is conducted to assess the state of the art in the context of e-Procurement and semantic-based systems. Afterwards main drawbacks of existing e-Procurement systems are presented to narrow down in semantic-based approaches applied to this field. Once the current status in both areas is reviewed, authors purpose the use and creation of an e-Procurement index to evaluate the quality of service of procurement systems. In this light the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to set up an initial weight for each indicator in the index and to perform a first comparison between traditional and semantic-based approaches. Finally some discussion, conclusions and future challenges are also outlined.     

基于SOA架构的立法决策支持系统研究

党的十八大报告将“全面推进依法治国”确立为推进政治建设和政治体制改革的重要任务,而立法工作是其中最重要的基础工作.立法工作相关信息化系统的建设为立法工作提供了重要技术支撑,而随着立法工作中各项业务系统的联系性需要更加紧密,集成度要求越来越高,信息资源的共享范围需要越来越广,使得各业务系统的互联互通和流程规范化等问题成为了立法工作信息化建设必须要面对的一个关键问题.单个的业务系统拓展、功能强化、硬件升级已经不能满足要求,而基于ESB（企业服务总线enterprise service bus）的架构平台,以服务作为基本管理单元提供了很好的解决方案,它可以消除不同业务系统之间的技术差异,让不同业务系统协调运作,从而实现不同业务之间的通信与资源整合.     

基于IEC61850的线路保护装置的设计

IEC 61850标准日后必将会成为变电站到控制中心的唯一通信协议,然而目前变电站自动化系统依旧使用各种基于传统规约(如CDT、IEC 103、IEC 104等)的设备,因而保证私有协议转换到IEC 61850标准就是个急需解决的难题.本文以基于IEC 103的线路保护装置为例来实现互操作性,首先介绍了IEC 61850标准的对象建模技术、抽象通信服务接口、特殊通信服务映射以及MMS通信协议.其次,重点研究和分析了基于IEC 61850标准的线路保护装置的信息建模方法和配置文档的研究以及IEC 103规约到IEC 61850标准的映射.最后,通过IEDScout测试软件对互操作性进行测试,结果符合要求,即使基于103的装置支持IEC 61850标准.     

基于DLMS/COSEM协议的智能电表设计

根据自动抄表系统(AMR)的需要,运用DLMS/COSEM通信协议设计了具有互操作性的电子式智能电能表。重点分析了通信协议在电能表上的实现方法,利用面向对象思想建立了电能表模型,运用分层原理从物理层、链路层和应用层分别对协议栈进行了设计。测试结果表明,电能表符合DLMS/COSEM通信协议,满足自动抄表系统的发展需要。     

A generic architecture to synchronise design models issued from heterogeneous business tools: towards more interoperability between design expertises

Product development involves many experts collaborating to the same design goal. Every expert has his own formalisms and tools leading to a high heterogeneity of information systems supporting design activities. Interoperability became a major challenge to avoid information incompatibility along the product life cycle. To synchronise heterogeneous representations of product will be a major step to integrate expert activities. In this paper, the authors propose a meta-model framework to connect together heterogeneous design models. This meta-model framework is used to formalise possible interactions between heterogeneous representations. Interaction formalisation is considered as a key point to synchronise heterogeneous models and to provide more interoperability between various computer assisted systems. The synchronisation loop is also presented as a major sequence of activities to manage collaborative design. Tools to support synchronisation are proposed. However, through a basic case study, authors highlight what can be automated and where human intervention is still expected.     

A knowledge-based approach to manage information systems interoperability

Interoperability is a key property of enterprise applications, which is hard to achieve due to the large number of interoperating components and semantic heterogeneity. The inherent complexity of interoperability problems implies that there exists no silver bullet to solve them. Rather, the knowledge about how to solve wicked interoperability problems is hidden in the application cases that expose those problems. The paper addresses the question of how to organise and use method knowledge to resolve interoperability problems. We propose the structure of a knowledge-based system that can deliver situation-specific solutions, called method chunks. Situational Method Engineering promotes modularisation and formalisation of method knowledge in the form of reusable method chunks, which can be combined to compose a situation-specific method. The method chunks are stored in a method chunk repository. In order to cater for management and retrieval, we introduce an Interoperability Classification Framework, which is used to classify and tag method chunks and to assess the project situation in which they are to be used. The classification framework incorporates technical as well as business and organisational aspects of interoperability. This is an important feature as interoperability problems typically are multifaceted spanning multiple aspects. We have applied the approach to analyse an industry case from the insurance sector to identify and classify a set of method chunks.     

Strategic advantages of interoperability for global manufacturing using CNC technology

In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements in computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) can be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various components of the CAx chain is therefore a major prerequisite for manufacturing enterprises for becoming strategically agile and consequently globally competitive. Being interoperable, resources can be utilized interchangeably in a plug-and-produce manner. Over the last 8 years the eminence of a STEP standard for machining entitled STEP-NC (numerical control) has become a well-known vehicle for research to improve the level of information availability at the CNC machine tool. In this paper, the authors introduce the background to the evolution of CNC manufacturing over the last 50 years and the current standards available for programming. A review of the literature in interoperable CNC manufacturing is then provided relating to milling, turn–mill and other NC processes. The major part of the paper provides a strategic view of how interoperability can be implemented across the CAx chain with a range of standards used to regulate the flow of information. Finally, the paper outlines the advantages and major issues for future developments in interoperability, identifying future key requirements and limiting factors.