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1.
Rheological properties of MR fluids under large step strain shear are presented in this paper. The experiments were carried out using a rheometer with parallel-plate geometry. Under the large step strain shear, MR fluids behave as nonlinear viscoelastic properties, where the stress relaxation modulus, G(t, γ), shows a decreasing trend with step strain. The experimental results indicate that G(t, γ) obeys time-strain separability. Thus, a mathematical form based on finite exponential serials is proposed to predict MR behavior. In this model, G(t, γ) is represented as the product of a linear stress relaxation, G(t), and the damping function, h(γ), i.e. G(t, γ)=G(t) h(γ). G(t) is simply represented as a three-parameter exponential serial and h(γ) has a sigmoidal form with two parameters. The parameters are identified by adopting an efficient optimization method proposed by Stango et al. The comparison between the experimental results and the model-predicted values indicates that this mathematical model can accurately predict MR behavior. 相似文献
2.
对 MTJ(磁隧道结 )的 GMR(巨磁阻 )效应进行了分析。 MTJ的结构、形态和工作条件会对 GMR效应产生不同的影响。提出了一种 4× 1位 MTJMRAM(磁存储器 )的电路结构 ,每个 MRAM的存储单元由一个MTJ和一个 MOSFET构成 ,用 MTJ两磁极磁化方向的相对取向表示所存储的数据 ,数字线和位线电流产生磁场的共同作用可完成 MRAM数据的写入。 相似文献
3.
Yinling Wang Yuan Hu Xinglong Gong Wanquan Jiang Peiqiang Zhang Zuyao Chen 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2007,103(5):3143-3149
Magnetorheological (MR) elastomers, which are mainly composed of magnetic particles and elastic polymer, are a new kind of smart materials whose modulus can be controlled by changing the strength of magnetic fields. In this article, MR elastomers based on immiscible silicon rubber/polystyrene (SR/PS) blend matrix were fabricated successfully via cosolvent method and the MR effect, electric and mechanical properties, and the microstructures of the corresponding materials were studied. SEM studies showed that the dispersion of iron particles in blend matrix were different from that in single polymer, which could be further proved by the different electric conductivity. The MR effect of MR elastomers based on blend matrix varied with the different ratios of SR and PS, which was discussed in detail from the special dispersion of iron particles and of zero‐modulus of MR elastomers. In addition, the MR elastomers based on SR/PS blend matrix had enhanced mechanical properties, which made them more hopeful to be applied in practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 3143–3149, 2007 相似文献
4.
Jürgen R. Reichenbach Marco Essig E. Mark Haacke Benjamin C. Lee Christian Przetak Werner A. Kaiser Lothar R. Schad 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1998,6(1):62-69
The purpose of this study was to evaluate a non-flow related magnetic resonance imaging method to visualize small veins independent of arteries in the human brain. A long TE, high-resolution 3D gradient echo MR acquisition was used to highlight venous information. The method is based on the paramagnetic property of deoxyhemoglobin and the resulting phase difference between veins and brain parenchyma at long echo times. The MR magnitude images were masked with a phase mask filter to enhance small structure visibility.. Venous information down to sub-pixel vessel diameters of several hundred microns is visible. Venous data are displayed in an angiographic manner using a minimum intensity projection algorithm. Both superficial veins and deep white matter veins are visible. The method has been successfully applied in volunteers. Preliminary results in patients with cerebral arteriovenous malformations indicate its potential in clinical applications. The proposed method is easy to implement and does not require administration of a contrast agent or application of specially designed rf pulses to highlight the veins. Rather it exploits the intrinsic magnetic properties (BOLD-effect) and the prolonged T 2* of venous blood. The method may be of diagnostic potential in the assessment of arteriovenous malformations or other vascular venous lesions. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 相似文献
5.
Cavallaro A Fellner F Matzel KE Stadelmaier U Rupprecht T Böwing B Hohenberger W Bautz W 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1998,7(3):179-183
The aim of this study was to determine whether low-field magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can safely and accurately depict
inflammatory changes in patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty, in whom high-field MR imaging is contraindicated and ultrasonography
and computed tomography are inadequate. A 0.2-T field-strength MR examination was performed in six patients with anal dynamic
graciloplasty malfunction in whom reoperation was contemplated. The following sequences were applied:T
2-weighted turbo spinecho with fat saturation,T
1-weighted conventional spin-echo, and contrastenhancedT
1-weighted conventional spin-echo with fat saturation. Results indicated that none of the patients experienced relevant discomfort,
pacemaker malfunction, or electrode dislocation with low-field MR imaging. Inflammatory pelvic changes were visualized in
four patients and atrophy of the transposed gracilis muscle in another. Surgery was thus avoided in the four, who underwent
conservative treatment for their pelvic inflammation. It was concluded that these prelininary results demonstrate the feasibility
of MR imaging with a low field strength in patients with anal dynamic graciloplasty. In such patients, in whom diagnostic
imaging had been problematic, the potential for safe and accurate visualization will be a boon to treatment planning. 相似文献
6.
Viehweg P Heinig A Lampe D Buchmann J Heywang-Köbrunner SH 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1998,7(3):141-152
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess the value of contrast-enhanced (c.-e.) MRI in the follow-up of patients with conservatively
treated breast cancer since detection and exclusion of malignancy may interfere significantly with posttherapeutic changes
within the treated breast.
Material and methods A total of 207 patients with a history of limited surgery and radiation therapy underwent MR imaging, 40 patients were examined
0–12 months and 167 patients were examined later than 12 months after radiotherapy. Suspicious or indeterminate findings were
suggested by clinical examination or conventional imaging in 80 studies. In 127 women, MRI was performed within breast tissue
that was difficult to assess due to scarring or dense breast tissue.
Results Recurrent carcinoma was confirmed in 27 patients by surgical biopsy. All 27 carcinomas, except for one with a slow signal
increase, demonstrated early rise of signal intensity on dynamic T1-weighted contrast enhanced images. During the first year
after therapy, the diagnostic accuracy could not be improved by additional use of c.-e. MRI. Differentiation between posttherapeutic
changes and recurrent carcinoma was frequently not possible because of strong and sometimes early and ill-circumscribed enhancement.
Later than 12 months after therapy enhancement decreased significantly, thus the false positive calls could be reduced from
49 (conventional imaging) to 12 (conventional imaging plus MRI). A total of 12 of 26 recurrences and multifocality in 4/5
cases were diagnosed by MR imaging alone at this time interval.
Conclusion In the first year after therapy, c.-e. MRI is only indicated in selected cases. The results later than 12 months emphasize
that c.-e. MRI may contribute significant additional information. It allows better distinction of posttherapeutic fibrosis
from recurrent carcinoma and proved to be able to detect recurrent disease more sensitive and at an earlier stage. 相似文献
7.
Norbert Wilke 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》1998,6(2-3):147-147
8.
传真图像的信息量非常大,对其进行数据压缩,不仅可以节省存储空间,而且可以有效地降低传输时间。采用MR编码对传真图像进行数据压缩,设计了压缩和解压缩编码算法。仿真实验表明,该算法可以满足传真图像对压缩比和压缩速度的要求,且有效可行。 相似文献
9.
Ze-Xuan Ji Author Vitae Author Vitae De-Shen Xia Author Vitae 《Pattern recognition》2011,44(5):999-1013
Intensity inhomogeneity, noise and partial volume (PV) effect render a challenging task for segmentation of brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. Most of the current MR image segmentation methods focus on only one or two of the effects listed above. In this paper, a framework with modified fast fuzzy c-means for brain MR images segmentation is proposed to take all these effects into account simultaneously and improve the accuracy of image segmentations. Firstly, we propose a new automated method to determine the initial values of the centroids. Secondly, an adaptive method to incorporate the local spatial continuity is proposed to overcome the noise effectively and prevent the edge from blurring. The intensity inhomogeneity is estimated by a linear combination of a set of basis functions. Meanwhile, a regularization term is added to reduce the iteration steps and accelerate the algorithm. The weights of the regularization terms are all automatically computed to avoid the manually tuned parameter. Synthetic and real MR images are used to test the proposed framework. Improved performance of the proposed algorithm is observed where the intensity inhomogeneity, noise and PV effect are commonly encountered. The experimental results show that the proposed method has stronger anti-noise property and higher segmentation precision than other reported FCM-based techniques. 相似文献
10.
介绍了锑化铟(InSb)磁阻式接近开关的工作原理,设计了信号处理电路,并对其动态性能进行了测试.实验结果表明:径向间距为4 mm时,接近开关动作距离大于8 mm,回差距离小于0.06 mm,重复定位精度优于0.04mm,可适用于工作频率0~5 kHz范围内的铁磁性物质检测.该接近开关灵敏度高,开关动态特性较好,且结构简... 相似文献