A versatile pattern synthesis algorithm for circular antenna array

This article presents a versatile pattern synthesis algorithm for controlling the sidelobe level and nulling region for circular antenna arrays. Nonuniform fast Fourier transform using the min–max interpolation method is utilized to overcome the nonlinear feature of circular arrays. The major advantage of the proposed algorithm is low complexity, which is key for hardware implementation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm functions well in amplitude‐only pattern synthesis, which may be required for low‐cost array systems using attenuators instead of complete amplitude and phase adjustment modules. Additionally, element failure of antenna arrays can be minimized in practical operations by resynthesizing the pattern by using the remaining antennas to achieve satisfactory performance. Simulation results indicate the lower complexity and higher versatility of the proposed algorithm compared with the conventional methods.     

Combining triangle Gaussian integration and modified NUFFT for evaluating two-dimensional Fourier transform integrals

The regular fast Fourier transform (FFT) requires a uniform Cartesian orthogonal grid which has considerable stair-casing errors when dealing with the function having an arbitrary shape boundary. The recently proposed two-dimensional discontinuous fast Fourier transform (2D-DFFT) can overcome this problem by using triangle mesh discretization and Gaussian numerical integration. However, the interpolation is used for the function data in the original 2D-DFFT, which reduces the accuracy performance especially for the case of oscillating functions. This work presents a useful modification of the original 2D-DFFT by removing the requirement of function interpolation to obtain significant accuracy improvement. In addition, the modified 2D nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) with real-valued least-square interpolation coefficients are developed to speed up the computation of numerical Fourier transform over the triangle mesh. Numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed algorithms.     

MIMO雷达近场成像校准与互耦合补偿方法

毫米波频段的合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar, SAR）因拥有良好的方位向分辨率而受到广泛关注,同时在发射端和接收端采用多根天线多输入多输出（Multiple?Input Multiple?Output, MIMO）的方式可以极大提高信道容量。然而MIMO?SAR图像重建计算较为复杂,且多个通道间幅相不一致和相互耦合容易导致图像出现伪影,严重影响成图质量。基于此,本文对引入非均匀快速傅里叶变换（Nonuniform Fast Fourier Transform, NUFFT）简化的距离迁移算法（Range Migration Algorithm, RMA）成像算法进行了研究;在分析扫描架运动抖动对相位影响的基础上,探究了通过照射金属反射面的MIMO阵列校准方法,实现了192个通道的同时校准;并搭建了毫米波SAR系统实验平台,对伪影消除、成像分辨率等开展了验证实验。实验结果实现了图像重构,成像分辨率达到了2 mm,完成200 mm×200 mm孔径扫描时间缩短至120 s。     

矩量法结合NUFFT技术提取微带电路电参数

微带电路的不连续性导致矩量法在提取电路参数时计算效率大大降低。在矩量法的基础上结合二维非均匀快速傅立叶变换技术，计算屏蔽微带线电参数时，采用不同细密度的剖分网格，使得阻抗矩阵填充时间减短，在保证计算精度的前提下，提高计算效率。     

基于最小均方误差NUFFT的SAR成像算法

在合成孔径雷达成像算法中，距离徙动算法（RMA）在大面积成像以及低波段的情况下成像效果良好，尤其对超宽带雷达成像有较好效果。但是RMA需要精确的插值，这就会引起庞人的计算量。文中将非均匀快速傅里叶变换（NUFFT）应用到RMA成像算法中，用NUFFT来替换RMA中的Stolt插值和距离向的逆快速傅里叶变换，去除了Stolt插值而引起的巨大的计算量，仿真结果证明了该算法的有效性。     

一种基于相干积累CPF和NUFFT的机动目标ISAR成像新方法

机动目标的复杂运动导致散射体回波信号多普勒频率时变,给逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像方位向处理带来困难.而传统的距离-多普勒（RD）成像方法、Wigner-Ville distribution（WVD）瞬时成像方法、Radon-Wigner等成像方法由于成像效果差或运算效率低等因素,不适合复杂运动目标的ISAR实时成像.针对这些问题,本文提出了一种基于相干积累三次相位函数（CPF）的机动目标ISAR成像新方法.首先,把平动补偿后的各距离单元数据,通过CPF变换到时间-调频率平面.然后,利用各散射体自项能量平行于时间轴分布特性,提出一种基于相干积累的交叉项和虚假伪峰抑制方法,进而得到各散射体在频率-调频率平面的高分辨分布特性.最后,通过向频率轴上的投影得到该距离单元目标的方位ISAR图像,并通过引入非均匀快速傅立叶变换（NUFFT）来降低算法计算复杂度.计算机仿真处理结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于NUFFT方法的二维非周期阵列天线方向图计算

相控阵天线应用在有限电扫描角度时,采用大间距体制以减少有源通道数量,降低天线成本。由于单元间距大于波长,在可视空域内会出现栅瓣,常采用非周期排列方法分散栅瓣能量降低栅瓣电平。文中提出了一种变距平移错位抑制大间距阵列栅瓣的方法,并介绍了基于二维NUFFT计算该非周期排列阵列天线方向图的方法。分析了影响该算法精度的因素,并通过在拟合虚拟阵列幅相值时通过采用局部坐标系有效减小计算量。通过一个由300个单元组成的非周期阵列方向图计算,对二维NUFFT方法以及累加法进行对比。前者的计算时间仅为后者的0. 9% ,验证了算法的高效性。计算结果显示全空域方向图吻合度高,方向性系数误差仅0. 05 dB,最高副瓣误差仅0. 12 dB,验证了算法的准确性。     

A novel spaceborne SAR wide-swath imaging approach based on Poisson disk-like nonuniform sampling and compressive sensing

Since the range swath width in the conventional single channel spaceborne synthetic aperture radar(SAR)is restricted by the system parameters,there is a trade-off between the azimuth resolution and the swath width in order to satisfy the Nyquist sampling criterion.In this paper,we propose a novel spaceborne SAR wide-swath imaging scheme based on compressive sensing(CS)for the sparse scene.The proposed method designs a Poisson disk-like nonuniform sampling pattern in the azimuth direction,which meets the demand of wider swath by restricting the smallest time interval between any two azimuth samples,with the conventional sampling pattern preserved in the range direction.By a similar way to the processing procedure of spectral analysis(SPECAN)algorithm,the linear range migration correction(RMC)is realized while carrying out range compression,which can meet the demand for focusing with middle level resolution.To reduce the computation load of CS reconstruction,we propose a novel fast reconstruction algorithm based on nonuniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT),which greatly reduces the computation complexity from O(2M N)to O(4N log N).Experiment results validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods via the point target simulation and the Radarsat-1 raw data processing in F2 mode.     

基于NUFFT 算法的综合孔径辐射计图像反演方法

圆形阵列和旋转阵列排布方式的提出是为进一步降低综合孔径辐射计成像系统的复杂度和成本,然 而其缺陷在于过于复杂的亮温图像反演过程,因为该阵列排布方式下的采样样本不是均匀分布于整个采样平面,常 规的标准傅里叶变换不能直接运用于此反演过程。提出了一种非标准快速傅里叶变换(NUFFT)算法,用于非均匀 采样样本的综合孔径辐射计图像反演计算,该算法结合了高斯栅格算法和对过采样样本的快速傅里叶变换算法,仿 真结果表明该算法能够准确地得到反演图像。