The concept of smartness in cyber–physical systems and connection to urban environment

The next-generation systems are expected to be largely cyber–physical systems (CPSs) that autonomously control physical processes, through sensors and actuators typically in real-time feedback and cooperative control loops distributed among physical and cyber environments. The rapid technological advancements enhance the smartness of these CPSs, pushing their boundaries of performance and efficiency by embedding new information and communication technologies. However, to what extent CPSs should be smarter so that they do not compromise safety and security of safety critical systems? is an open research question. Towards this goal, the purpose of this study is to establish a grounded theory to analyse what makes these systems smart? and eventually, how to find a balance between smartness and safety risks? In this precinct, this article aims to develop a conceptual framework, define the dimensions and derive the characteristics that make CPSs smart. The proposed approach combines an automated informetric and systematic analysis of literature pertinent to the topic of smartness across anthropology, science, engineering and technology. The analysis of a case study building and the discussions presented herein support the connection between the existing understanding of CPSs and smartness offered by the building design approach in urban environment.     

Simulation of thermal barrier coating spallation induced by the initiation/growth/coalescence of internal crack and interfacial crack based on a real image model

In the furnace cycle test, the growth of oxide film leads to the propagation and coalescence of multiple cracks near the interface, which should be responsible for the spallation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). A TBC model with real interface morphology is created, and the near-interface large pore is retained. The purpose of this work is to clarify the mechanism of TBC spallation caused by successive initiation, propagation, and linkage of cracks near the interface during thermal cycle. The dynamic growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) is carried out by applying a stress-free strain. The crack nucleation and arbitrary path propagation in YSZ and TGO are simulated by the extended finite element method (XFEM). The debonding along the YSZ/TGO/BC interface is evaluated using a surface-based cohesive behavior. The large-scale pore in YSZ near the interface can initiate a new crack. The ceramic crack can propagate to the YSZ/TGO interface, which will accelerate the interfacial damage and debonding. For the TGO/BC interface, the normal compressive stress and small shear stress at the valley hinder the further crack propagation. The growth of YSZ crack and the formation of through-TGO crack are the main causes of TBC delamination. The accelerated BC oxidation increases the lateral growth strain of TGO, which will promote crack propagation and coalescence. The optimization design proposed in this work can provide another option for developing TBC with high durability.     

Quality of Service in VoIP Communication

The focus of this paper lies in the practical aspects of voice over IP communication. VoIP configurations in the H.323 standard will be presented briefly. Following that, the fundamental protocol procedure of H.323 communication will be briefly explained. A further part of the paper will address the subject QoS (quality of service), and present the common measurement methods used in QoS. Results gained from experiments conducted in a VoIP environment will then follow. The investigations concentrate primarily on the load behavior of voice packets in relation to important parameters of this service. The results obtained are presented and evaluated in diagrams. The paper concludes with a summary.     

弹载红外图象处理器中多CPU之间通信方法的研究

弹载红外图象处理器是一个复杂的实时红外图象处理系统。由于它的计算量很大，实时性很强，单ＣＰＵ已经不可能完成如此繁重的任务。本文分析了弹载红外图象处理器中多ＣＰＵ之间通信的几种方法。在分析几种通信方法的原理和各自的优缺点之后，提出了弹载红外图象处理器中多ＣＰＵ之间通信应采用双口ＲＡＭ作共享存储器的并行通信方法，我们所设计的系统中均采用这种方法。实验证明这种方法的数据信息通信具有很高的灵活性和可靠性，完全满足弹载红外图象处理器中多ＣＰＵ之间通信的要求。     

基于流媒体技术的网上直播系统的原理和实现

概述了流媒体技术的概念和流式传输的工作原理，从硬件组成和软件系统方面介绍了一个具有较高性价比的基于流媒体技术的网上直播系统的实现。     

Real-time measurement of pointing action by using DSP

This paper presents an approach of measuring in real-time the vector of finger that is pointing to an object. DSP is used in the operation processing unit in order to do the real-time processing. The steps include the extraction of flesh-colored regions from an image, the labeling of the flesh-colored regions, and the detection of two characteristic positions on the finger so that the direction that the finger is pointing at will be calculated. The entire process takes about 29 msec, which makes it possible to have the frame rate of 34 fps. With this frame rate, this measurement approach is considered real-time and promising to be merged into other application systems. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

车辆位置实时监测网的研制

ＲＴ－ＡＧＶＳ是物流管理中十分重要的课题，车辆位置监测网是其重要的组成部分。本文详细介绍了一个基于单片机系统的车辆位置实时监测网，本监测网设计先进，性能价格比高，它的设计方法和技术对其他许多领域有借鉴作用。     

基于OpenGL五轴联动数控仿真系统碰撞干涉检验实时仿真技术及算法研究

介绍了Com-5NCSS五轴联动数控仿真系统运用的“实时仿真”技术，在此基础上提出基于规则实体表面网格化遍历的八叉树单球组合模型，该模型应用于Com-5NCSS仿真系统中，实现了碰撞干涉的快速检测，满足了数控仿真系统的“实时性”要求。     

Applying real options in investment decisions relating to environmental pollution

This study focuses on how to assess the optimal environmental investment decisions under economic and ecological uncertainty, and establishes the continuous time model using the real option approach to optimize environmental pollution policy. Unlike traditional cost benefit analysis, this work extends the model of [Pindyck, R.S., 2002. Optimal timing problems in environmental economics. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 26(9–10), 1677–1697], and attempts to identify the storage threshold of pollution stocks and the optimal timing for implementing environmental pollution decisions.     

基于环境噪声的真随机数的产生

为了提供一种简便和有效的真随机数生成方法，通过分析环境噪声数据的统计特性，提出同余法和正负法将声音波形数据进行处理。去除声波数据的周期性、连续性、相关性，提取其随机性。同真随机数采集系统设计相关的电路噪声问题以及采集速度问题也作了讨论。用此思路构建的真随机数采集系统原型已经能够用来产生性能较佳的真随机数，证明了设计思路和处理方法的正确有效性。