Owner’s Risk Allocation and Contractor’s Role Behavior in a Project: A Parallel-mediation Model

Risk allocation decisions are of critical importance in project management. The present study proposes an explanation for how risk allocation in a contract motivates a contractor to cooperate with a project owner. Theories of risk allocation and trust were used to motivate the research. Using a survey methodology, we collected data concerning 124 construction projects in China. We found that risk allocation influenced the contractor’s role behavior through the contractor’s feeling of being trusted but not the contractor’s trust in the owner. Feeling of being trusted partially mediated the effect of risk allocation on the contractor’s in-role (i.e., contractual) behavior and fully mediated the effect on extra-role behavior. The study introduces a social and psychological view of the impacts of risk allocation to the project and engineering management literature. We contribute to theory by arguing and demonstrating the mediating effect of trust on the relationship between risk allocation and contractor behavior. From a practical standpoint, we conclude that contractual risk allocation has a significant impact on building a trusting relationship between owners and contractors and that contractors who feel trusted perform both contractually mandated actions and actions external to the contract more diligently, resulting in the likelihood of improved outcomes for both parties.     

高校教师在多媒体教学中的角色思考

多媒体教学已经成为高校重要的教学组织形式。目前多媒体教学中存在的诸多问题源于多媒体教学中的认识误区。解决这些问题的关键在于明确教师在多媒体教学中的主导地位。教师在高校多媒体教学中应发挥课程开发和设计者、教学资源和教学信息整合者、教学活动组织者、学生学习合作者、教学研究实践者等五个方面的作用。     

三维动画表演教学研究——浅析动画表演中角色动作与角色情感性格

随着科技的发展,数字动画及影视特技特效越来越被广泛应用,三维动画作为新兴科技、艺术、技术和表演的综合体,被广泛应用在虚拟现实中。动画师作为动画角色的创作者表演有着至关重要作用。在动画创作过程中,要使动画师能够抓住角色的性格,必须亲身体验角色表演的整个过程,抓住角色的肢体语言动作与角色的情态特征,使所创作的角色更加鲜活。     

基于Flash的MTV动画制作方法与技巧探析

F1ash软件功能强大,而且易于学习和掌握使用,使用该软件来制作MTV,可以克服影视MTV的很多缺点,只需要少量的投入,在较短的时间内就可以完成设计,除此之外通过脚本代码等还可以实现影视拍摄完成不了的特殊效果。介绍使用Flash制作MTV动画的一些常用方法和技巧。以方便设计者能在更短的时间内制作出高质量的MTV动画。     

基于 Android 系统的飞行射击游戏框架设计与实现

在飞行射击游戏框架设计与实现过程中,分析游戏的场景设计、物体之间碰撞的处理、游戏角色和整个游戏类的框架并对程序流程进行描述。实现游戏UI的设计、背景的载人、角色的设计和实例化。在Android系统中对该游戏进行反复测试,实现飞行射击游戏。     

On the complexity of role updating feasibility problem in RBAC

In Role Based Access Control (RBAC) systems, it is necessary and important to update the role–permission assignments in order to reflect the evolutions of the system transactions. However, role updating is generally complex and challenging, especially for large-scale RBAC systems. This is because the resulting state is usually expected to meet various requirements and constraints. In this paper, we focus on a fundamental problem of role updating in RBAC, which determines whether there exists a valid role–permission assignment, i.e., whether it can satisfy all the requirements of the role updating and without violating any role–capacity or permission–capacity constraint. We formally define such a problem as the Role Updating Feasibility Problem (RUFP), and study the computational complexity of RUFP in different subcases. Our results show that although several subcases are solvable in linear time, this problem is NP-complete in the general case.     

Association-Based Active Access Control models with balanced scalability and flexibility

In existing Active Access Control (AAC) models, the scalability and flexibility of security policy specification should be well balanced, especially: (1) authorizations to plenty of tasks should be simplified; (2) team workflows should be enabled; (3) fine-grained constraints should be enforced. To address this issue, a family of Association-Based Active Access Control (ABAAC) models is proposed. In the minimal model ABAAC₀, users are assigned to roles while permissions are assigned to task-role associations. In a workflow case, to execute such an association some users assigned to its component role will be allocated. The association's assigned permissions can be performed by them during the task is running in the case. In ABAAC₁, a generalized association is employed to extract common authorizations from multiple associations. In ABAAC₂, a fine-grained separation of duty (SoD) is enforced among associations. In the maximal model ABAAC₃, all these features are integrated, and similar constraints can be specified more concisely. Using a software workflow, case validation is performed. Comparison with a representative association based AAC model and the most scalable AAC model so far indicates that: (1) enough scalability is achieved; (2) without decomposition of a task, different permissions can be authorized to multiple roles in it; (3) separation of more fine-grained duties than roles and tasks can be enforced.     

基于角色-权限-用户模型的通用权限设计与实现

用户与角色关联,角色与权限关联,角色是连接用户与权限的桥梁。通过这样的设计,可防止有相同权限的用户重复分配权限,而只是分配在同一角色下便可。此设计已经成功在COSL IT支持服务中心《党群在线服务平台》系统中应用,系统中的权限模块正常工作,保障了《党群在线服务平台》良好运行。     

基于角色和信誉的跨域信任管理模型研究

目前,基于角色的信任管理及基于信誉的信任管理模型都存在安全缺陷。本文将基于角色的信任管理和基于信誉的信任管理相结合,提出了一种改进的信任管理模型,以提高跨域系统的安全性。     

基于企业生命周期的人力资源经理角色分析

文章从企业生命周期的角度,探讨了人力资源经理在不同阶段主要扮演的角色,为企业选拔和培训人力资源经理提供新的视角。将企业生命周期分为创业期、成长期、成熟期和衰退期四个阶段,依据企业生命周期不同阶段的特点及人力资源管理的策略,得出人力资源经理在不同阶段分别主要扮演战略合作伙伴、HRM专家、员工激励者、变革推动者的角色。