结合双粒子群和K-means的混合文本聚类算法

传统K-means算法对初始聚类中心选择较敏感, 结果有可能收敛于一般次优解, 为些提出一种结合双粒子群和K-means的混合文本聚类算法。设计了自调整惯性权值策略, 根据最优适应度值的变化率动态调整惯性权值。两子群分别采用基于不同惯性权值策略的粒子群算法进化, 子代间及子代与父代信息交流, 共享最优粒子, 替换最劣粒子, 完成进化, 该算法命名为双粒子群算法。将能平衡全局与局部搜索能力的双粒子群算法与高效的K-means算法结合, 每个粒子是一组聚类中心, 类内离散度之和的倒数是适应度函数, 用K-means算法优化新生粒子, 即为结合双粒子群和K-means的混合文本聚类算法。实验结果表明, 该算法相对于K-means、PSO等文本聚类算法具有更强鲁棒性, 聚类效果也有明显的改善。     

基片集成波导和微带转换器的理论与实验研究

基片集成波导(SIW)技术中非常重要的问题之一是该类波导与其它形式传输线的过渡问题.最近已有文章探讨了SIW与微带线过渡的一种锥形结构,在本文中对此类结构进行了全面的拓展,分析了直接过渡、凸型过渡和凹型过渡几种情况,并实验验证了C波段的微带SIW转换器.实验结果表明,在4.1～5.5GHz的频段内,驻波比小于1.2,插损优于0.5dB.     

Multilayered substrate integrated waveguide 4 × 4 butler matrix

In this article, a multilayered substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) Butler matrix beam‐forming network is proposed, designed, and demonstrated at 24 GHz for automotive radar system applications. The proposed low‐cost SIW structure can be used to develop a highly integrated multibeam antenna platform in automotive radar systems and other applications. In this structure, an SIW H‐plane coupler is optimized with an H‐plane slit to provide the required phase shift. A class of SIW E‐plane 3‐dB couplers in doubled layer substrate are studied and designed as the fundamental building blocks to avoid crossovers usually required in the construction of a Butler matrix. A 4 × 4 matrix is investigated and designed, which shows excellent performance over 22–26 GHz frequency band. Two types of antenna are tested with the proposed matrix scheme. First, an antipodal linearly tapered slot antenna (ALTSA) is incorporated into the Butler matrix to verify the broadband performances. Second, a longitudinal slotted waveguide antenna array is examined to generate radiation patterns in the broadside direction. Measured results agree well with simulated counterparts, thus validating the proposed multilayer SIW design concepts. In the next sections, the use as feeding networks for providing the reconfigurability operation of an antenna will be illustrated. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE , 2012.     

基片集成波导正弦渐变槽单脉冲天线

为拓展工作带宽,以传统正反渐变槽天线为基础,利用基片集成波导馈电,该文提出了两种高增益、宽频带的正弦渐变槽天线。利用矩形波导3 dB定向耦合器和90移相器工作原理设计了半模基片集成波导单脉冲馈电网络,进而得到了对称型和非对称型正弦渐变槽单脉冲天线,带宽均超过了3.0 GHz,带内和波束最大增益在9.0 dBi左右,差波束零深在10.0 GHz处均低于-20 dB。其中,非对称型正弦渐变槽单脉冲天线具有更宽的工作频带和更平稳的天线增益,可以广泛应用于微波定向探测系统中。     

基片集成波导缝隙稀疏阵天线的设计

提出并分析了两类基于基片集成波导(Substrate Integrated Waveguide,SIW)的缝隙稀疏阵列天线.减少缝隙单元的数目,对于(基片集成)波导缝隙阵列天线具有重要的意义,可以简化设计、展宽带宽、降低加工工艺要求等.阵列天线稀疏化明显降低了缝隙单元间的互耦,使得低副瓣天线的设计更容易.全波仿真结果有效验证了设计的正确性和有效性.     

采用新型介质集成波导腔的小型双频滤波器

提出了一种新式的横电磁波-基片集成波导(TEM-SIW)谐振腔。这种TEM-SIW谐振腔由经典的基片集成波导(SIW)腔发展而来。通过在SIW腔的中心位置加入短路销钉,将SIW腔体的上金属平面与腔四周导体壁开路构成TEM-SIW腔。相同谐振频率下,单个TEM-SIW腔的面积可以减小到传统的SIW谐振腔面积的9.5%。分析了主模式工作情况下TEM-SIW谐振腔和传统的SIW谐振腔的结构以及腔内的磁场分布。由于其磁场分布与工作在TEM模式的电容加载同轴腔相似,因此,基于这种谐振腔的滤波器可以很方便的借鉴经典的电容加载同轴腔滤波器的耦合结构和综合设计技术。最后,设计了一个基于TEM-SIW腔的三级双频滤波器,其性能已经通过了数值仿真和实验验证。     

频率选择表面在前门防护中的应用

为了提高雷达天线的抗带外干扰能力,在传统耶路撒冷环孔的基础上,设计了一种 基于基片集成波导技术的新型带通频率选择表面（FSS）。仿真计算表明：将该新型FSS加载 到喇 叭天线上,不仅能够保证喇叭天线在通带内正常工作,而且可以有效抑制带外的一些干 扰信号,在6～10 GHz工作频带内的带外抑制度达到20 dB,具有良好的前门防护 效果。     

Compact bilayer substrate integrated waveguide leaky wave antenna with dumbbell‐shaped slot based on the TE20 mode

In this article, a compact dual layer leaky wave antenna array is simulated and constructed using the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based on the TE₂₀ mode at the X‐ and Ku‐bands. The proposed antenna is designed by creating dumbbell‐shaped slots on the upper layer of the SIW. These slots have increased the antenna bandwidth so that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 9.5 to 13.7 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 36%. In addition, to excite the TE₂₀ mode, an SIW power divider is used in the feeding network of the antenna located in the bottom layer. Moreover, the gain and directivity are other advantages of the proposed antenna so that at 12.5 GHz the antenna peak gain reaches to 15.7 dB. Antenna beam scanning angle is from 5° to 81°. This antenna is simulated and analyzed by the CST Microwave Studio software. The obtained results from the antenna test lab confirm the simulation results.     

40 GHz Vertical Transition with a Dual‐Mode Cavity for a Low‐Temperature Co‐fired Ceramic Transceiver Module

A new vertical transition between a substrate integrated waveguide in a low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic substrate and an air‐filled standard waveguide is proposed in this paper. A rectangular cavity resonator with closely spaced metallic vias is designed to connect the substrate integrated waveguide to the standard air‐filled waveguide. Physical characteristics of an air‐filled WR‐22 to WR‐22 transition are compared with those of the proposed transition. Simulation and experiment demonstrate that the proposed transition shows a ?1.3 dB insertion loss and 6.2 GHz bandwidth with a 10 dB return loss for the back‐to‐back module. A 40 GHz low‐temperature co‐fired ceramic module with the proposed vertical transition is also implemented. The implemented module is very compact, measuring 57 mm × 28 mm × 3.3 mm.     

Design and evaluation of a vertically integrated passive two‐dimensional beam switching antenna array at 60 GHz

A millimeter‐wave two‐dimensional (2D) beam switching planar microstrip patch antenna array excited by a 4 × 4 substrate‐integrated waveguide Butler matrix (BM) is presented in this article. The BM architecture is modified to feed the planar array in a vertically integrated multilayer design to minimize parasitic effects due to junction discontinuity and reduce the radio frequency (RF) front‐end footprint. This feed architecture enables the designer to control the phased array inputs to achieve a set of beam directions in four quadrants of radiation space at a desired elevation angle. For verification of beam switching via over‐the‐air measurements at 60 GHz, a bench‐top anechoic chamber with proper transmitter and receiver antenna positioners was designed and fabricated using in‐house laboratory resources. 2D beam steering was confirmed in the intended four quadrants of radiation space at ?₀ = 50°, 140°, 220°, and 300° and θ₀ = 30° ± 5°, meeting the design specifications with a very good margin. Each switched beam demonstrated between 5 and 6 dBi gain at 60 GHz, which is within 1 dB deviation from the simulated results.