无线网络系统的舰船相对组合导航定位

针对现有单舰船组合导航定位技术存在的不足,如过度依赖GPS、差的可靠性和容错性以及缺乏网络系统概念等,将无线网络系统概念引入到舰船组合导航中,从而基于海上智能交通系统（MITS）提出一种新颖的网络舰船相对组合导航定位方法。该方法不再将海上舰船视为MITS中的孤立节点,因此目标舰船可使用来自网络内其它舰船节点的导航估计并采用最优分布式加权融合来改善自身的组合导航定位估计性能。与现有的单舰船组合导航方法相比,新方法具有更好的导航估训‘精度、更好的稳定性和容错性。     

数据整合技术在水路运政业务中的研究与应用

本文主要从信息化的角度，在水路运政中进行数据整合技术的研究与应用。     

福州港松下港区牛头湾作业区航道平面方案研究

福州港松下港区牛头湾作业区7万吨级1#、2#和3#泊位分别于2007年、2009年及2012年建成投产至今,每年11月至翌年3月期间受风浪影响,大型船舶靠、离码头难度大、系泊码头作业泊稳条件差。为保障船舶靠、离泊和系泊作业安全,业主单位拟建设防波堤二期工程,与已建防波堤一期工程形成环抱式防波堤。本文根据防波堤布置初步方案,对港区进港航道进行平面布置比选,并提出防波堤、航道布置优化方案,节省了工程投资。经波浪数值模拟和潮流数值模拟验证,航道布置方案可满足船舶安全通航要求,优化后防波堤仍能有效减小码头前沿波高,满足码头泊稳条件和实际作业要求。     

长江上游城市航道船舶噪声控制装置的研制与应用

由于船舶噪声对城市环境和人民群众生活的影响日益突出,城市航道船舶噪声污染已成为长江上游多个城市急需解决的社会焦点问题。为控制船舶噪声,在现场监测和走访调查基础上,从降低声源噪声和控制噪声传播途径着手,采取了设计制作船用隔声装置控制船舶机械噪声的方法,并同时解决了柴油机的进气和散热问题,以减小对机组功率的影响。经理论研究、设计计算、实验分析和应用测试,结果表明:研制出的长江上游船用隔声装置具有良好的噪声控制效果。     

Safety management of waterway congestions under dynamic risk conditions—A case study of the Yangtze River

With the continuous increase of traffic volume in recent years, inland waterway transportation suffers more and more from congestion problems, which form a major impediment to its development. Thus, it is of great significance for the stakeholders and decision makers to address these congestion issues properly. Fuzzy Techniques for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is widely used for solving Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) problems with ambiguity. When taking into account fuzzy TOPSIS, decisions are made in a static scenario with fixed weights assigned to the criteria. However, risk conditions usually vary in real-life cases, which will inevitably affect the preference ranking of the alternatives. To make flexible decisions according to the dynamics of congestion risks and to achieve a rational risk analysis for prioritising congestion risk control options (RCOs), the cost-benefit ratio (CBR) is used in this paper to reflect the change of risk conditions. The hybrid of CBR and fuzzy TOPSIS is illustrated by investigating the congestion risks of the Yangtze River. The ranking of RCOs varies depending on the scenarios with different congestion risk conditions. The research findings indicate that some RCOs (e.g. “Channel dredging and maintenance”, and “Prohibition of navigation”) are more cost effective in the situation of a high level of congestion risk, while the other RCOs (e.g. “Loading restriction”, and “Crew management and training”) are more beneficial in a relatively low congestion risk condition. The proposed methods and the evaluation results provide useful insights for effective safety management of the inland waterway congestions under dynamic risk conditions.     

Impact of Lake Michigan water level rise on complex bidirectional flow in the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS)

In the past decade, continuously rising water levels in Lake Michigan have been threatening lakefront areas, especially in metropolitan regions like the Greater Chicago area. This provides the motivation to analyze the impact that high lake levels have on the Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS). As the only primary free connection between the CAWS and Lake Michigan, the Calumet Area waterway subsystem plays a key and unique role. In this work, a numerical model covering the Calumet subsystem and having Lake Michigan as a boundary condition, is set up, calibrated, and validated using limited field observations. It is found that the Calumet subsystem has become bidirectional, where both discharge and flow directions are controlled by lake levels. When lake levels are below −0.15 m (-0.5 ft, Chicago City Datum, CCD), the discharge in the Grand Calumet River is around zero, with water flowing along its east branch towards Indiana. When lake levels are above +0.46 m (+1.5 ft, CCD), the flow reverses direction and drains west into Illinois. In 2020, the mean lake-level was at +1.07 m (+3.5 ft, CCD), and the base discharge in the Grand Calumet River was approximately 8.5 m³/s (300 ft³/s). The higher Lake Michigan’s level is, the larger the discharge would be into Illinois. Potential impact of this extra discharge on Lake Michigan Diversion Accounting (LMDA) of the State of Illinois and flood management in the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal (CSSC), is analyzed; while the nature of the bidirectional flows is characterized with the intent of shedding light on this complex phenomenon.     

Field study of a retaining wall constructed with clay-filled soilbags

This paper presents a field study of constructing retaining walls using soilbags that are formed by filling the excavated clayey soils into woven bags (geosynthetics). The strength and deformation of the soilbags filled with clayey soils were studied via laboratory tests. A 100?m testing retaining wall was constructed with soilbags in a waterway project. The lateral deformation, the lateral pressures and the surface settlements of the testing retaining wall were monitored during construction and after 7 months operation. The results show that the soilbags can increase the strength of clayey soils. After 7 months of the completion, the lateral deformation and the surface settlement of the testing retaining wall tend to be stable with the maximum values of 29.4?cm and 19.2?cm, respectively. The lateral earth pressure on the front retaining structure could be positively reduced owing to the interlayer's friction of soilbags. Compared to the conventional gravity concrete retaining wall, about 38% construction cost was saved in the 100?m testing retaining wall.     

基于水幕方法的珠江河口抑咸对策

基于数值模拟手段,论证水幕方法扰动底层盐水楔实现抑制咸潮入侵的可行性。结果表明,在磨刀门河道上游深槽设置水平喷水干扰盐水楔,可以有效减弱底层盐水浓度,在底部高盐水团附近喷水的抑咸效果优于其他断面,并且喷水流量存在最优值,当小于该值时,咸潮上溯距离随流量的减小逐渐增大,当大于该值时,咸潮上溯距离随流量的增大逐渐增大。进一步研究发现磨刀门河口地区小潮期进行盐水楔扰动的效果最好,低盐度等值线(≤0. 5‰)向外海退缩程度显著,有利于河口区取水。     

Dynamics of fecal indicator bacteria,bacterial pathogen genes,and organic wastewater contaminants in the Little Calumet River–Portage Burns Waterway,Indiana

Little information exists on the co-occurrence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB), bacterial pathogens, and organic wastewater-associated chemicals (OWCs) within Great Lakes tributaries. Fifteen watershed sites and one beach site adjacent to the Little Calumet River–Portage Burns Waterway (LCRPBW) on Lake Michigan were tested on four dates for pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, chloride, color, ammonia- and nitrate-nitrogen, soluble phosphorus, sulfate, turbidity, and atrazine; for concentrations of FIB; and for genes indicating the presence of human-pathogenic enterococci (ENT) and of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli (EC) from various animal sources. Nineteen samples were also tested for 60 OWCs. Half of the watershed samples met EC recreational water quality standards; none met ENT standards. Human-wastewater-associated OWC detections were correlated with human-influence indicators such as population/km², chloride concentrations, and the presence of WWTP effluents, but EC and ENT concentrations were not. Bacterial pathogen genes indicated rural human and several potential animal sources. OWCs of human or ecosystem health concern (musk fragrances AHTN and HHCB, alkylphenols, carbamazepine) and 3 bacterial pathogen genes were detected at the mouth of the LCRPBW, but no such OWCs and only 1 pathogen gene were detected at the beach. The LCRPBW has significant potential to deliver FIB, potential bacterial pathogens, and OWCs of human or ecosystem health concern to the nearshore of Lake Michigan, under conditions enhancing nearshore transport of the river plume. Nearshore mixing of lake and river water, and the lack of relationship between OWCs and FIB or pathogen genes, pose numerous challenges for watershed and nearshore assessment and remediation.     

"生态"与"野趣"的回归——记杭州西湖湖西航道绿化调整改造

2002年开始实施的西湖综合保护工程极大地改善了西湖风景名胜区的植物景观和生态效益,大大提高了杭州西湖的声誉和美誉度.为此,深入探讨和总结西湖综合保护工程中植物景观营造的实践经验和存在的不足,显得非常重要.该文对西湖综合保护工程项目内容之一的西湖湖西航道绿化调整改造中的具体经验进行了总结,并提出了建议.