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排序方式: 共有187条查询结果,搜索用时 250 毫秒
1.
Désiré Lara; Veissier Isabelle; Després Gérard; Boissy Alain 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,118(4):363
Appraisal theories provide a framework that gives insight into emotions and could allow comparisons across species. According to these theories, events are first evaluated on their suddenness, novelty, and unpredictability. The authors examined the ability of lambs (Ovis aries) to evaluate an event according to these 3 criteria through 3 tests. The lambs responded to suddenness with a startle response coupled with an increase in heart rate and to novelty with an orientation response coupled with an increase of vagal activity. There was no clear evidence that lambs can detect the predictability of an event. Those results support the usefulness of appraisal theories to assess emotion in animals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
2.
Abstract: This paper presents a novelty detection-based technique to identify core material properties of honeycombs and cellular structures. A numerical model (finite element) representing full scale and/or reduced size of the cellular solid is used to generate transmissibilities between topological homologous points at cells in different locations. In order to make the procedure robust against noise, these transmissibilities are artificially corrupted. This step is representative of a series of experimentally obtained measurements which automatically return information relating to the size and shape of data noise along with the mean measurement. The next stage, both in this paper and in the proposal for the experimental approach, is to generate several further sets of transmissibilities from the finite element model; the only difference being that the core material properties are altered from the original values. A novelty detection framework is then adopted to find a similarity measure between each of these 'test' transmissibilities and the original set thereby identifying the material properties. Although this work is concerned with identifying only one material property, the methodology extends to identifying several properties. 相似文献
3.
涂忆江 《重庆电力高等专科学校学报》2010,15(5):130-134
通过对湖北省电力科技信息中心2005年-2009年5年间完成的科技查新项目进行定量统计分析,探讨如何提高项目申报水平,提出加强科研项目申报指导、创新科技查新服务模式、加强查新知识的宣传培训等建议和措施. 相似文献
4.
This Letter addresses image segmentation via a generative model approach. A Bayesian network (BNT) in the space of dyadic wavelet transform coefficients is introduced to model texture images. The model is similar to a Hidden Markov model (HMM), but with non-stationary transitive conditional probability distributions. It is composed of discrete hidden variables and observable Gaussian outputs for wavelet coefficients. In particular, the Gabor wavelet transform is considered. The introduced model is compared with the simplest joint Gaussian probabilistic model for Gabor wavelet coefficients for several textures from the Brodatz album [1]. The comparison is based on cross-validation and includes probabilistic model ensembles instead of single models. In addition, the robustness of the models to cope with additive Gaussian noise is investigated. We further study the feasibility of the introduced generative model for image segmentation in the novelty detection framework [2]. Two examples are considered: (i) sea surface pollution detection from intensity images and (ii) image segmentation of the still images with varying illumination across the scene. 相似文献
5.
傅菊芬 《苏州大学学报(工科版)》1997,(5)
本文分析了横机编织花式纱线时纱线的配置特征。在此基础上,按花式纱线的结构分三种情况讨论了选取合适的横机机号的依据。 相似文献
6.
The authors use their different work and training background as perspectives for discussing the changing world of graphical design. In this digital world, expert knowledge of the technology is essential, but the authors argue that a consequence of prioritising technical expertise in the new interdisciplinary IT- design studies may be a loss of quality in design. To improve the depth in design the authors introduce a psychological framework for design work and on this basis they suggest a systematic method. The method is a 4-step conceptual model: reason, function, emotion and senses, and technology. The model interacts with all phases of the design, and functions as a generating-creating and execution-evaluation system. The authors emphasise that evaluation is embedded throughout the design process. They suggest that a systematic method becomes the guiding tool in interdisciplinary design education, an essential part of the students design qualifications as well as an essential tool in design work. 相似文献
7.
8.
Reports of superior memory for novel relative to familiar material have figured prominently in recent theories of memory. However, such novelty effects are incongruous with long-standing observations that familiar items are remembered better. In 2 experiments, we explored whether this discrepancy was explained by differences in the type of familiarity under consideration or by differences in the difficulty of discriminating targets from lures, which may lead to source confusion for familiar but not novel targets. In Experiment 1, we directly tested whether previously observed novelty effects were the result of novelty, discrimination demands, or both. We used linguistic materials (proverbs) to replicate the novelty effect but found that it occurred only when familiar items were subject to source confusion. In Experiment 2, to examine better how novelty influences episodic memory, we used experimentally familiar, pre-experimentally familiar, and novel proverbs in a paradigm designed to overcome discrimination demand confounds. Memory was better for both types of familiar proverbs. These results indicate that familiarity, not novelty, leads to better episodic memory for studied items, regardless of whether familiarity is experimentally induced or based on prior semantic knowledge. We argue that proposals that state that information is encoded better if it is novel are based on over-generalizations of effects arising from the distinctiveness of novel materials. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
9.
提出了基于相似性和新奇度提取音乐代表性摘录的方法。最大化片段与整个作品的相似性来找到最相似的摘录,最大化片段的新奇度来找到意义最丰富的摘录,并把这两个参数结合起来寻找最具代表性的摘录,同时引入数学形态滤波对音频信号预处理,消除信号中的非主要分量。实验结果表明,该方法能够找到重要的最具代表性的摘录,并且对音乐源只作了很少的假设。 相似文献
10.
Although animals generally prefer to eat foods with familiar rather than unfamiliar flavors, adult golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) were found to do the opposite. After having prolonged exposure to a food with a particular flavor, hamsters were allowed to select between the food with the familiar flavor and the same food with a novel flavor. Hamsters consistently ate more of the food with the novel flavor, and this preference was long-lasting and resistant to extinction. Furthermore, the novelty effect was robust, being manifested in both sexes and under a variety of experimental circumstances. In contrast, rats tested under identical conditions consistently preferred the food with the familiar flavor. The origins of the novelty effect in hamsters remain to be determined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献