High-entropy ferroelastic rare-earth tantalite ceramic: (Y0.2Ce0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2Dy0.2)TaO4

In this study, high-entropy rare-earth tantalate ceramics (Y_0.2Ce_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2Dy_0.2)TaO₄ ((5RE_0.2)TaO₄) have been successfully fabricated. The possibility of formation of (5RE_0.2)TaO₄ was verified via first-principles calculations. In addition, the phase structure, ferroelastic toughening mechanism, thermophysical, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The (5RE_0.2)TaO₄ ceramics have lower phonon thermal conductivity (1.2–2.6 W·m^–1·K^–1) in the entire temperature range than that of RETaO₄ and YSZ. (5RE_0.2)TaO₄ has a higher fracture toughness and lower brittleness index than YSZ. The thermal expansion coefficients of (5RE_0.2)TaO₄ are as high as 10.3 × 10^-6 K^–1 at 1200°C and Young's modulus is 66–189 GPa, and thus, (5RE_0.2)TaO₄ possesses great potential for application in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs).     

耐磨合金钢的回火脆性、变质处理及组织遗传性

探讨了耐磨合金钢的回火脆性、变质处理及组织遗传性3个特征对其组织与力学性能的影响,分析了获得高性能耐磨合金钢的关键问题和方法。     

Rock brittleness indices and their applications to different fields of rock engineering:A review

Brittleness is an important parameter controlling the mechanical behavior and failure characteristics of rocks under loading and unloading conditions,such as fracability,cutability,drillability and rockburst proneness.As such,it is of high practical value to correctly evaluate rock brittleness.However,the definition and measurement method of rock brittleness have been very diverse and not yet been standardized.In this paper,the definitions of rock brittleness are firstly reviewed,and several representative definitions of rock brittleness are identified and briefly discussed.The development and role of rock brittleness in different fields of rock engineering are also studied.Eighty brittleness indices publicly available in rock mechanics literature are compiled,and the measurement method,applicability and limitations of some indices are discussed.The results show that(1)the large number of brittleness indices and brittleness definitions is attributed to the different foci on the rock behavior when it breaks;(2)indices developed in one field usually are not directly applicable to other fields;and(3)the term“brittleness”is sometimes misused,and many empirically-obtained brittleness indices,which lack theoretical basis,fail to truly reflect rock brittleness.On the basis of this review,three measurement methods are identified,i.e.(1)elastic deformation before fracture,(2)shape of post-peak stressestrain curves,and(3)methods based on fracture mechanics theory,which have the potential to be further refined and unified to become the standard measurement methods of rock brittleness.It is highly beneficial for the rock mechanics community to develop a robust definition of rock brittleness.This study will undoubtedly provide a comprehensive timely reference for selecting an appropriate brittleness index for their applications,and will also pave the way for the development of a standard definition and measurement method of rock brittleness in the long term.     

路面橡胶集料混凝土抗折强度的试验研究

橡胶集料混凝土作为一种新型混凝土材料具有极好的抗裂性能,良好的抗冲击载荷和能量耗散能力,作新型的路面材料非常适用。通过对掺入较高比例的橡胶集料混凝土(最高可达150kg/m3)的抗折试验,分析了橡胶集料混凝土抗折强度的主要影响因素,建立抗折强度的经验公式,并对公式的合理性进行验证。然后对橡胶集料混凝土的抗折强度与抗压强度之间的相关关系进行讨论。     

提高碾压混凝土抗裂能力的试验研究

通过试验分析了外掺单矿C2S和C4AF矿物成分和用活性掺合料(粉煤灰F、硅灰SF、氧化镁MgO)等量取代水泥(C)和用非活性掺合料(橡胶粉X)等体积取代部分标准砂(S)对水泥脆性系数的影响。     

转向油罐用IF钢板冲压开裂原因分析及对策

针对IF钢制作转向油罐过程中出现的冲压开裂现象,对其冷轧板化学成分、力学性能、显微组织及断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明,由于IF钢钢质纯净,晶界强度低,用于冲压制作转向油罐时会产生二次加工脆性现象,导致冲压件在二次加工使用过程中因受冲击负荷加剧脆化而开裂。通过优化化学成分,提高了IF钢晶界强度,解决了后续加工使用开裂问题。     

复杂储层岩石脆性分析及应用研究

脆性指数(BI)是储层压裂评价的一个重要参数,复杂储层往往具有矿物成分多样、结构致密等特点,与页岩油气开采有一定的相似性,其脆性主要受矿物含量和含水饱和度等因素影响。脆性指数根据获取方式不同,定义也不同,有基于矿物组成的,也有基于弹性模量(E)和泊松比(ν)。从孔裂隙介质弹性波动理论出发,系统分析了各因素对岩石脆性指数影响,给出弹性模量和泊松比定义的脆性指数由页岩推广至致密砂砾岩的理论基础。通过对比致密砂砾岩储层压裂前后脆性指数特征,研究脆性指数对储层压裂的指导意义,为压裂效果的评价提供技术支持。     

东濮凹陷泥页岩脆性指示因子地震预测

脆性指示因子是评价泥页岩储层的一个至关重要的参数。在勘探阶段,高脆性泥页岩发育区常发育裂缝,易形成产能,有助于开发区域优选;在开发阶段,脆性指示因子有效预测能为水平井部署、井身设计以及压裂改造提供重要的依据。目前国内利用地震方法预测脆性指示因子空间展布的研究并不广泛。文中利用地震叠前反演得到弹性模量与泊松比2个关键参数,进而预测脆性指示因子。预测结果与已知井的情况符合较好。     

42CrMo锚栓断裂分析

风电用42CrMo锚栓在安装过程中突然发生断裂，对断裂试样进行化学成分分析，采用金相检验与扫描电镜观察相结合的方法，分析研究断裂原因。结果表明，断口为沿晶断裂，锰元素含量超标和磷、硅、铜合金元素晶界偏聚是造成沿晶断裂的主要原因；另外，热处理时淬火温度过高造成奥氏体晶粒粗大，以及回火温度接近高温回火脆性区造成杂质元素在奥氏体晶界偏聚，这些因素的共同作用也会导致材料发生脆性断裂。     

基于岩石破裂特征及能量演化的致密砂岩脆性指数优选

脆性参数是致密油“三品质”评价中完井品质评价的重要敏感参数之一。采用岩心三轴岩石力学参数测试方法，基于岩石破裂特征及岩石破裂过程中的能量演化优选出适用于鄂尔多斯盆地定边油田长7段致密砂岩储层的脆性指数计算方法。首次应用裂缝体积密度计算方法对岩石破裂复杂程度进行了定量表征，表征结果与岩石的弹性模量、抗压强度呈正相关；与泊松比、峰值应变呈负相关。通过对岩石力学参数各向异性系数C1和C2的分析，认为弹性模量和泊松比对各向异性更为敏感，两者构建的脆性参数更能体现岩石的脆性特征。基于岩石破裂的能量演化过程，将峰值强度前后能量变化大小与变化速率相结合，构建脆性评价新指标BEC，其与裂缝体积密度及前人提出的脆性评价指标均具有较好的相关性。以BEC为衡量标准优选出适合研究区致密砂岩储层的脆性指数E/μ，该指数与研究区直井试油试采的初周日产液呈正比关系。研究结果为研究区水平井水力压裂施工时指示有利压裂层段提供了科学依据。