新概念动能武器-电磁炮

电磁炮是现代战争中的一代新概念武器,目前国外的技术发展已达到实用阶段.用物理学中关于电流的磁场、电磁感应和涡流的基本理论对轨道炮、线圈炮、重接炮三种电磁炮的基本原理进行了分析;研究了轨道炮、线圈炮、重接炮的特点、应用前景;探讨了脉冲电源技术、材料技术、发射装置设计等电磁炮关键技术;最后总结了电磁炮的发展现状,展望了未来...     

Extended MHD Modelling with the Ten-Moment Equations

High-order moment fluid equations for simulation of plasmas are presented. The ten-moment equations are a two-fluid model in which time dependent equations are used to advance the pressure tensor. With the inclusion of the full pressure tensor Finite Larmor Radius (FLR) effects are captured. Further, Hall-effects are captured correctly by including the full electron momentum equation. Hall and FLR effects are important to understand stability of compact toroids like Field Reversed Configurations (FRCs) and also to detailed understanding of small scale instabilities in current carrying plasmas. The effects of collisions are discussed. Solutions to a Riemann problem for the ten-moment equations are presented. The ten-moment equations show complex dispersive solutions which come about from the source terms. The model is validated with the GEM fast magnetic reconnection challenge problem.     

多级重接炮的数值仿真与优化物理设计

重接炮是一种利用磁力线重接来推动发射体的电磁炮，发射体受力正比于电感梯度与回路电流平方的乘积。基于重接式电磁发射电路方程和运动方程，并结合发射装置的实测参数，建立了发射体运动过程的数值仿真模型。针对多级发射中由于发射体速度过快而造成加速不充分和发射效率下降的问题，提出了多级发射的优化物理设计原则，该原则按照发射体速度确定各级回路电流的振荡周期，继而确定各级电容器组的电容值和初始电压值，配合使用触发真空开关( TVS)作闭合开关，利用其特有熄弧性能，可以显著提高发射体逮度和发射效率。     

Nonlinear evolution and secondary island formation of the double tearing mode in a hybrid simulation

Double tearing modes(DTMs), induced by double current sheet configurations or two neighboring rational surfaces with the same safety factor in tokamaks, are widely observed in solar, space, and fusion plasmas. In this paper, the evolution of DTMs without a guide field is investigated numerically using a hybrid model(electron fluid+ion PIC). The overall evolution processes of DTMs are qualitatively consistent with previous works using other models. The particle dynamics during the evolution of DTMs is analyzed in detail. Behaviors of ions and electrons present different characteristics around the reconnection region which gives rise to Hall effects producing the out-of-plane quadrupole magnetic field. In the explosive reconnection process with interactions between two DTMs islands, the asymmetric drive and the thin current layer feature lead to the emergence of secondary magnetic islands which develop with the late evolution of the DTMs.     

一种多级重接式电磁发射系统的触发电路

重接式电磁发射是电磁发射的一种形式,利用电磁能量推动发射体前进.多级发射的关键在于各级能量的有序释放,因而要求开关正确而可靠地动作.所研究的触发电路中,高压触发脉冲发生电路采用三电极间隙产生陡化的高压触发脉冲,使触发真空开关导通延时的精度被控制在1μs以内.触发信号发生电路采用HFBR-0400系列光发射器和光接收器作执行元件,抗干扰能力强,在多级电磁发射实验中,消除了级间互扰造成的误触发.光发射器和光接收器之间采用光纤连接,有效地实现高压触发部分和低压控制部分的隔离.     

A new method for coarsening tetrahedral meshes

To coarsen a mesh, we usually remove a set of selected nodes one by one. Currently, the basic operation used to remove a node is edge collapsing, which does not perform well when applied to handling narrow regions in a tetrahedron mesh and could produce low‐quality elements or even fail to give valid results. To overcome the drawbacks of edge collapsing, we present a new node‐removal operator created by revising a topological transformation called small polyhedron reconnection. This new operator can guarantee success if the cavity that forms after a node is removed is meshable, and it produces higher‐quality results and keeps the nodes unmoved, which is preferred for applications such as multigrid hierarchies. In addition, 2 other aspects of mesh coarsening that determine whether a node should be removed and the sequence in which to remove the selected nodes are also studied. Our strategy consists of constructing a coarse node set using the sphere‐packing method and removing the nodes in a reversed kd‐tree sequence. The excellent performance of the new method is demonstrated by applying it to examples of adaptive meshing and multigrid hierarchy creation and comparing the results with those of the edge collapsing method.     

Summary of US–Japan Exchange 2004: New Directions and Physics for Compact Toroids

Scientists from research institutions in the United States of America and Japan attended a USA Department of Energy sponsored joint international workshop on the subject of Compact Toroids (CT) in Santa Fe, NM, USA in September 2004. We outline here a summary of the topics that were discussed, some of the implications, and new directions that are likely to follow from this research. Experimental, theoretical and computational results were presented. The experimental devices and concepts, along with the theory and computational models comprise investigations of fundamental plasma physics, fusion science, and approaches to fusion energy that require magnetized plasmas.     

An Efficient Algorithm to Solve the Problem of Dropped Call in CDMA Cellular Systems

In the mobile environment, the dropped calls can be resulted from shadowing and rapid signal loss. As the cells shrink to accommodate an increasingly large demand for services, the dropped-call recovery procedure will become more important over the air interface. But in the current protocols, the recovery procedure is too simple to demonstrate the procedure. In this paper, we present a Transparent Reconnection Procedure (TRP) which is an efficient algorithm that can be adapted easily to the benefit of decreased dropped calls. In the simulation of a typical cellular system, it is shown that there are fewer dropped calls using TRP compared to the conventional procedure. This benefit comes at the expense of a slight increase (less than percent 1) in blocked call percentage. It depends on some relevant system parameters, the values of which are decided by the operators accordingly.     

An Efficient Algorithm to Solve the Problem of Dropped Call in CDMA Cellular Systems

1 Introduction For any multi-user communication system, it is a big problem that the call drops out to the user and service provider. The propagation conditions required for a satisfactory communication can not always be met owing to irregularities in cel…     

Fast magnetic reconnection with anomalous ion heating and its application

Magnetic reconnection of two toroidal plasmas with the third field component B_X parallel to the X-lines revealed a clear dependence of sheet-current resistivity and ion heating energy on the sheet-width normalized by the ion gyroradius. Initially, the effective resistivity of sheet-current stayed constant, but it increased significantly when the sheet was compressed shorter than the ion-gyroradius. The anomalous current-sheet dissipation was followed by large increase in ion outflow velocity and ion temperature. This anomalous effect caused both the reconnection speed and the ion heating energy to increase with external compression force and inversely with the B_X component. These properties of reconnection lead us to a new controlled plasma heating for various fusion plasmas and other industrial plasmas.