基于气象测量场的爬坡时段区域风功率预测

随着大规模风电接入电网,风电爬坡事件的风险不断增大,提高爬坡时段风功率预测精度对电网安全经济运行具有重要作用。提出了一种基于气象测量场的爬坡时段区域风功率预测方法。考虑爬坡时段风速场的动态变化,利用经验正交函数分解,将风速资料阵分解成不同空间模态和主分量,通过多元非线性逐步回归方法建立风速场主分量和区域风功率间的映射关系。考虑风速预测误差,采用区间正交函数分解,将上述模型扩展为处理非确定性数据的预测方法。实际区域风功率预测结果表明,所提出的方法能够显著提高风电爬坡时段风功率预测的精度,对存在风速预测误差的情况具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Electroosmotic micropump for lab‐on‐a‐chip biomedical applications

Lab‐on‐a‐chip (LOC) integrated microfluidics has been a powerful tool for new developments in analytical chemistry. These microfluidic systems enable the miniaturization, integration and automation of complex biochemical assays through the reduction of reagent use and enabling portability. Electroosmotic micropumps could be employed as powerful tools to generate required flow in point of care (POC) devices. In the present study, parallel electroosmotic micropumps are investigated to improve the efficiency of simple micropumps. According to the results, parallel micropumps generate higher flow rate in comparison with conventional electroosmotic pump. In the last decade, a large variety of non‐Newtonian fluids have been utilized in biomedical application but requirements for a POC device such as high efficient driving flow, miniaturization and simple handling of POC devices remain unmet. As a consequence, in this study, power law model as non‐Newtonian fluids that flow through the parallel micropumps are investigated in order to enhance fluid pumping and decreasing voltage requirement.. It is found that as the power law index increases the mass flow rate decreases. Also, the flow rate is almost constant for the higher power law index. Obtained results, demonstrated that parallel micropump could enhance pumping of non‐Newtonian fluid (blood) up to 30%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An overview of instrumentation and control systems of a Korea standard nuclear power plant: A signal interface standpoint

This paper presents an overview of instrumentation and control (I&C) systems of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) type nuclear power plant (NPP) in Korea. Yonggwang unit 3, which was constructed as a basis model for a Korea standard nuclear power plant (KSNP), is selected as an example for the presentation. This overview is derived from analyzing the I&C systems based on a top-down approach. The I&C systems consist of 30 systems. The 183 I&C cabinets are also analyzed and mapped to the systems. The overview is focused on an interface between the systems and the cabinets. This information will be used to understand the implementation of the I&C systems and to group the systems for an upgrade.     

Response of Vietnam coastal upwelling to the 1997-1998 ENSO event observed by multisensor data

In this paper, we examine the behavior of the Vietnam coastal upwelling during the 1997-1998 El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event. The baseline is 4 years of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sea surface temperature (SST) data taken from 1997 to 2000. Comparison of upwelling images to simultaneous ERS-2 (European Remote Sensing Satellite) wind fields indicates that the summer monsoon winds constitute a major generation forcing. During the 1997 El Niño, the monsoon winds enhanced the upwelling and induced the upwelling center to move southward. During the 1998 La Niña, the monsoon winds weakened the upwelling. In contrast with the tropical Pacific, in the study area, La Niña implies a warm event and El Niño a cold event. We use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) methods to analyze the spatial and temporal variance of the upwelling. The three principal modes account for 37%, 15%, and 8% of the total variance, respectively. The first EOF modes reveal that the SST variance in the north and south subregions underwent a positive-negative sign switch in summer 1997. The second EOF modes represent the monthly evolution in normal years. The third modes seem to be sensitive to the 1998 La Niña event. Simultaneous TOPEX/POSEIDON and ERS-2 altimeter data provide further evidence for our analysis. Comparison with California coastal upwelling and mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) coastal upwelling indicates that the Vietnam coastal upwelling is the most intensive one.     

粗糙表面微通道电渗流的数值模拟

电渗流（EOF）广泛应用于微流控芯片中的流体的传输与混合。针对带有粗糙表面的平行板微通道,建立了描述EOF的控制方程,基于有限元分析方法对具有不同粗糙度和EDL厚度的微通道内的EOF进行了数值模拟。结果表明,当EDL厚度接近0.3倍粗糙度大小时,粗糙度对EDL的影响较大,EOF受到粗糙度的阻力作用较为明显,而当EDL厚度相对粗糙度较大和较小时,EOF速度受到粗糙度的影响相对较小;粗糙表面微通道中部EOF速度与相对EDL厚度的关系呈“V”型曲线,EOF平均速度呈“L”型曲线。研究结论对于微通道表面的优化设计以及微流控芯片中流体的精确操控具有一定的参考意义。     

Numerical simulation of electroosmotic flow in hydrophobic microchannels

Electroosmotic flow (EOF) is a promising way for driving and mixing fluids in microfluidics. For the parallel-plate microchannel with the hydrophobic surface, this paper solved the governing equations using the finite element method (FEM), and the effects of microchannel height, electric strength and ionic concentration on EOF were thus investigated. The simulation indicates that the transient characteristics of EOF are similar in hydrophobic and hydrophilic microchannels, the steady time of EOF is proportional to the square of microchannel height, and the scale is microsecond. EOF velocity is proportional to the electric strength and independent of the channel height, and decreases slowly with the ionic concentration, which is lower than that in hydrophilic microchannel due to the presence of slip length in hydrophobic microchannel. The results can provide valuable insights into the optimal design of microchannel surfaces to achieve accurate EOF control in hydrophobic microchannel. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50730007)     

IP网络传输技术的研究与发展

分析了IP网络传输技术的现状和以太网技术的发展 ,研究了几种新的以太网传输技术 ,提出了以太网技术将覆盖从LAN、MAN乃至WAN ,成为全面构建下一代网络主流技术的新观点。     

Residential energy use and conservation in Sweden

We describe energy use in Swedish homes from 1963 to 1980 using data assembled and analyzed for the first time. Changes in energy use by fuel and purpose before and after the 1973 oil price shock are illustrated and discussed, and savings in space heating in the year 1980, compared with the pre-embargo period, are quantified. We discuss two important elements of Swedish energy conservation policy, the building codes and the system of grants and loans to homeowners. We conclude that the grants and loans probably accelerated home retrofit measures, while the building codes will play an important role in reducing residential heat losses over the long term.     

东北地区冬季气温对海温异常响应的研究

利用HadISST OI海温和中国东北地区92站逐日气温资料,使用广义平衡反馈分析方法(GEFA)结合EOF分析方法(GEFA-EOF)研究了近50 a中国东北地区冬季气温对海表温度异常(SSTA)的响应.结果表明:对于热带和北半球中纬度5个海盆来说,东北地区冬季气温异常与同期热带大西洋和北大西洋海温异常有密切关系,与其他海盆关系不显著;热带大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(TA3)以及北大西洋纬向上"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)分别对东北地区冬季气温的异常偏低和偏高有显著的强迫作用,且对北部地区的强迫作用大于南部地区.热带大西洋和北大西洋对东北地区冬季气温异常影响的可能途径为:热带大西洋TA3模态通过在北半球激发的"正—负—正"的遥相关波列,致使东亚大槽移至贝加尔湖地区,有利于极地冷空气南下至东北地区,导致该地区的冷冬;北大西洋的"正—负—正"三极型模态(NA3)直接响应使得东亚大槽减弱消失,极地冷空气南下受阻,导致该地区冬季气温异常偏高.