Comparative study of the phenolics,antioxidant and metagenomic composition of novel soy whey-based beverages produced using three different water kefir microbiota

Water kefir microbiota was used to develop novel soy whey-based beverages that have antioxidant activity. In the present study, comparative phenolics, antioxidant and metagenomic composition of the soy whey beverages fermented using three different water kefir microbiota, named WKFS-A, WKFS-B and WKFS-C were investigated. WKFS-B beverage had the highest concentrations of isoflavone aglycones (208.73 ± 2.78 mg L⁻¹) and phenolic acids (132.33 ± 3.41 mg L⁻¹) compared with WKFS-A (193.88 ± 1.15 mg L⁻¹) and (91.73 ± 2.34 mg L⁻¹) and WKFS-C (160.63 ± 1.76 mg L⁻¹) and (97.13 ± 2.63 mg L⁻¹), respectively. The WKFS-B also showed higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power compared with WKFS-A and WKFS-C beverages. Microbial species diversity index analysis showed that a higher concentration of isoflavone aglycones, phenolic acids and increased antioxidant activity in the WKFS-B beverage correlates with the higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus genus. This study thus revealed that Lactobacillus dominated water kefir microbiota produces soy whey beverages with high phenolic acids, isoflavone aglycones and antioxidant activity.     

Molecular Identification of Dendrobium Species (Orchidaceae) Based on the DNA Barcode ITS2 Region and Its Application for Phylogenetic Study

The over-collection and habitat destruction of natural Dendrobium populations for their commercial medicinal value has led to these plants being under severe threat of extinction. In addition, many Dendrobium plants are similarly shaped and easily confused during the absence of flowering stages. In the present study, we examined the application of the ITS2 region in barcoding and phylogenetic analyses of Dendrobium species (Orchidaceae). For barcoding, ITS2 regions of 43 samples in Dendrobium were amplified. In combination with sequences from GenBank, the sequences were aligned using Clustal W and genetic distances were computed using MEGA V5.1. The success rate of PCR amplification and sequencing was 100%. There was a significant divergence between the inter- and intra-specific genetic distances of ITS2 regions, while the presence of a barcoding gap was obvious. Based on the BLAST1, nearest distance and TaxonGAP methods, our results showed that the ITS2 regions could successfully identify the species of most Dendrobium samples examined; Second, we used ITS2 as a DNA marker to infer phylogenetic relationships of 64 Dendrobium species. The results showed that cluster analysis using the ITS2 region mainly supported the relationship between the species of Dendrobium established by traditional morphological methods and many previous molecular analyses. To sum up, the ITS2 region can not only be used as an efficient barcode to identify Dendrobium species, but also has the potential to contribute to the phylogenetic analysis of the genus Dendrobium.     

基于高通量测序分析不同浏阳豆豉中真菌的多样性

建立测定酱油中铅的氢化物原子荧光光谱法，同时以酱油为样本进行精密度和准确度测定，以及对酱油能力验证盲样考核样进行不确定度分析。结果表明，铅含量在0～100.00 ng/mL呈线性关系，相关系数（R）为0.999 8，该方法的检出限为0.74 μg/L，定量限为2.22 μg/L，精密度试验结果相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.16%～4.48%，回收率为93.3%～106.6%。2个盲样考核样不确定度结果分别为（0.940±0.092） mg/L和（0.460±0.035） mg/L，能力验证考核结果为满意。研究结果表明，采用水质分析质量控制工作程序对氢化物原子荧光光谱法测定酱油中铅进行分析质量控制，保证实验结果误差在可控制的范围内，获得高度可信的分析结果。     

神农架地区酒曲驯养酵母的多样性与特性研究

神农架地区有着悠久的酿酒历史,酿酒酵母的生物多样性丰富。通过收集神农架及周边地区酿酒作坊的9种不同的酒曲,从中分离获得19株酵母菌,通过形态学观察,产子囊孢子情况及抗逆性能探究,并根据对其rDNA-ITS序列构建的系统发育树进行分析。结果表明,此19株驯养酵母菌可归为5个属,分别为Wickerhamomyces sp.,Pichia sp.,Saccharomyces sp.,Saccharomycopsis sp.和Candida sp.。从酒曲中分离出来的Wickerhamomyces sp.有8株,占菌种总数的42.1%,Saccharomyces sp.有6株,占总数的31.6%,均为优势菌株。     

汽车牌照自动识别系统在公路收费口的应用

最近及未来的几年 ,上海市境内将建成多条高速公路 ,如何提高高速公路的服务质量 ,出入口的通行能力是一条比较重要的衡量标准。汽车牌照自动识别系统利用先进的摄像技术、图像识别技术和计算机技术 ,对抓拍图像进行正确分割和快速处理 ,自动识别出汽车的牌照号码 ,提升了高速公路的服务水平     

WSN在城市智能交通中的应用

无线传感器网络(WSN)集成嵌入式系统、微电子技术、通讯技术等,应用范围越来越广。文章依据WSN的关键技术和算法,介绍WSN在城市的智能交通系统(ITS)中基本应用,用于解决城市道路拥堵状况、监控车辆信息、对道路环境的监测等具体应用。     

车路互联网的底层协议-802．11p标准

详细地描述了车路互联网系统的底层协议-802．11p标准。将802．11p与传统无线局域网技术进行对比,分析了802．11p在媒体接入控制层（MAC）与物理层（PHY）所做的修改,并从物理层参数、PP—DU帧结构,以及接人优先级等多方面指出了802．11p能在高速移动环境下建立稳定通信链路的原因。其次,还对802．11p所采用的频段、信道、发射功率以及频谱掩模进行分析;最后提出了802．11p在仿真方面所面临的挑战,并且在Simulink上建立了一套动态仿真系统,对标准进行仿真验证。     

基于无线磁阻传感器的车辆信息采集系统研究与实现

摘要：研究设计了一种灵活性强、功耗低的智能交通监控系统,其监控前端采用无线磁阻传感器,监控中心采用S3C6410核心处理器。文章首先对系统的整体结构设计做出了简要说明;在此基础上,介绍了基于无线磁阻传感器的测速方法;而后,详细论述了视频采集和监控软件设计方法;最后,在WinCE系统下实现并测试了测速和抓拍功能。     

Laboratory silo type and inoculation effects on nutritional composition,fermentation, and bacterial and fungal communities of oat silage

The objectives were to evaluate (1) the use of 2 types of experimental silos (S) to characterize whole-crop oat (Avena sativa L.) silage with or without addition of an inoculant (I), and (2) the effect of inoculation on the microbial community structure of oats ensiled using only plastic bucket silos (BKT). From each of 6 sections in a field, oats were harvested, treated (INO) or not (CON) with inoculant, packed into 19-L BKT or vacuum bags (BG), and ensiled for 217 d. The inoculant added contained Lactobacillus buchneri and Pediococcus pentosaceus (4 × 10⁵ and 1 × 10⁵ cfu/g of fresh oats, respectively). The experimental design was a complete randomized design replicated 6 times. Treatment design was the factorial combination of 2 S × 2 I. Some differences existed between BG versus BKT at silo opening (217 d), including a decreased CP (7.73 vs. 7.04 ± 0.247% of DM) and ethanol (1.93 vs. 1.55 ± 0.155) and increased lactic acid (4.28 vs. 3.65 ± 0.241), respectively. Also, WSC and mold counts were reduced in BG versus BKT for CON (1.78 vs. 2.70 ± 0.162% of DM and 0.8 vs. 2.82 ± 0.409 log cfu/fresh g) but not for INO (～1.53 and 1.55), respectively. Application of INO increased DM recovery (96.1 vs. 92.9 ± 0.63%), aerobic stability (565 vs. 133 ± 29.2 h), acetic acid (2.38 vs. 1.22 ± 0.116% of DM), and reduced NDF (65.0 vs. 67.0 ± 0.57), ADF (36.7 vs. 38.1 ± 0.60), ethanol (0.63 vs. 2.85 ± 0.155), and yeast counts (1.10 vs. 4.13 ± 0.484 log cfu/fresh g) in INO versus CON, respectively. At d 0, no differences were found for S and I on the nutritional composition and background microbial counts. Leuconostocaceae (82.9 ± 4.27%) and Enterobacteriaceae (15.2 ± 3.52) were the predominant bacterial families and unidentified sequences were predominant for fungi. A higher relative abundance of the Davidiellaceae fungal family (34.3 vs. 19.6 ± 4.47) was observed in INO versus CON. At opening (217 d), INO had a lower relative abundance of Leuconostocaceae (42.3 vs. 95.8 ± 4.64) and higher Lactobacillaceae (57.4 vs. 3.9 ± 4.65) versus CON. Despite several differences were found between BKT and BG, both techniques can be comparable for characterizing effects of INO on the most basic measures used in silage evaluation. The use of inoculant improved oat silage quality partially by a shift in the bacterial community composition during ensiling, which mainly consisted of an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae and reduction of Leuconostocaceae relative to CON.