Novel bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus hirae and Pediococcus pentosaceus strains with antilisterial activity isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheese

We isolated and characterized bacteriocin producers Enterococcus hirae ST57ACC and Pediococcus pentosaceus ST65ACC from raw milk artisanal cheeses. Their bacteriocins were tolerant to temperatures from 4°C to 100°C and under sterilization conditions (121°C for 15 min). Additionally, the tested bacteriocins remained active after being exposed to pH 2.0 to 10.0 for 2 h. The activity of the bacteriocins was affected by proteolytic enzymes but remained stable after treatment with EDTA, sodium dodecyl sulfate, NaCl, skim milk, and Tween 80. Cell-free supernatants were capable of inhibiting Listeria innocua and several strains of Listeria monocytogenes obtained from different sources and belonging to different serotypes. When L. monocytogenes 211 and L. monocytogenes 422 were treated with bacteriocins, growth was completely inhibited over 12 h. Cocultures of bacteriocinogenic strains and L. monocytogenes 422 in skim milk showed that E. hirae ST57ACC could control the growth of the pathogen in the matrix after 48 h. None of the selected isolates presented positive results on a screening panel for 25 bacteriocin-related genes, however, indicating that both strains might express novel bacteriocins.     

Different combinations of salts affect the growth and bacteriocin production by Lactobacillus salivarius CRL 1328

BACKGROUND: The culture medium for optimal growth of vaginal Lactobacillus salivarius CRL 1328 is different from that for optimal bacteriocin production. To simultaneously obtain high amount of biomass and bacteriocin of this microorganism, the effects of different basal culture media and salts on both responses were evaluated. The study was performed by using a complete factorial experimental design 2⁶, with central points. Sixty‐four different growth media, which resulted from the combinations of two basal culture media and two concentrations of five salts (ammonium citrate, sodium acetate, MgSO₄, MnSO₄, and K₂HPO₄) were assayed. RESULTS: Only the addition of MnSO₄ to each culture medium significantly stimulated the growth of L. salivarius. The presence of sodium acetate or MgSO₄ stimulated the bacteriocin production, while MnSO₄ and K₂HPO₄ exerted an inhibitory effect. However, the simultaneous addition of MnSO₄ and sodium acetate to both basal culture media allowed high bacteriocin levels to be reached, attenuating the inhibitory effect of Mn²⁺. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a complete experimental design contributed to simultaneous optimization of the biomass and bacteriocin production of L. salivarius CRL 1328. The results obtained are potentially applicable to the technological production of probiotic bacteria and antagonistic substance to be included in a probiotic pharmaceutical product. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

响应面法优化植物乳杆菌代谢产细菌素的发酵条件

为提高一株分离自内蒙古传统发酵稀奶油“焦克”中的植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391 代谢产细菌素量,以中性蛋白酶水解脱脂乳为培养基,以枯草芽孢杆菌为指示菌,以抑菌圈直径为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化发酵pH 值、温度以及接种量。结果表明：对该菌代谢产细菌素的活性影响大小依次为：发酵pH值＞接种量＞发酵温度;最优发酵条件为：pH5.1、发酵温度33℃、接种量1%。在此条件下,发酵液的抑菌圈直径为15.00mm,细菌素的效价为601.32IU/mL,较优化前提高了43.08%。在最优发酵条件下获得的实验结果与模型预测值吻合,说明所建立的模型是切实可行的。     

产细菌素戊糖乳杆菌B8发酵动力学模型的建立

从四川香肠中选育出一株具有产细菌素能力的戊糖乳杆菌B8,在10 L发酵罐内对其进行分批发酵动力学研究,建立菌体生长、产物合成、底物消耗及pH随时间变化的动力学模型,确定模型参数,得到其菌体生长动力学模型■ =0.56691-■、细菌素生产动力学模型■=75.25■ +122.94X、葡萄糖消耗动力学模型-■=5.843■+0.799 8X。pH值变化的数学模型y =■+5.992 8。结果表明,模型预测值与实验值吻合较好,为工业放大生产细菌素提供了理论依据和方法。     

1 株水开菲尔粒中植物乳杆菌的鉴定及产细菌素基因分析

目的：对从水开菲尔粒中分离得到1 株能产生抑菌物质的菌株QF01进行菌种鉴定,并对其产细菌素进行实验、鉴定和基因序列分析。方法：通过牛津杯法测定抑菌能力,采用聚合酶链式反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）扩增16S rDNA和细菌素相关基因并测序,利用ProParam tool、TMHMM 2.0、InterProScan、SOPM和SWISS-MODEL在线软件对基因编码产物进行分析。结果：该菌株产的细菌素对大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli JM109）有明显的抑制作用,通过16S rDNA序列分析初步确定该菌株属于植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）。该菌株含有plnD、plnEF、plnV、plnR四种基因,其中plnV基因编码产物有跨膜螺旋结构,其结构存在信号肽特征。此外,从三级结构的模型预测得到4?种基因的编码产物均存在α-螺旋、β-转角、伸展链和无规则卷曲。结论：从水开菲尔粒分离得到的L. plantarum QF01菌株,含有plnD、plnEF、plnV、plnR细菌素基因,对大肠杆菌有很好的抑制作用。     

与特定乳酸菌共培养对植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391细菌素合成的诱导作用

植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391与76株乳酸菌分别共培养后,测定培养物的抑菌活性和活菌数,判断与乳酸菌共培养对植物乳杆菌细菌素合成的影响及细菌素合成与菌体密度的关系。结果表明：植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0706、KLDS4.0315、KLDS4.0351、罗伊氏乳杆菌KLDS1.0736这4株菌与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391共培养后,抑菌活性显著增加(P＜0.01)。与罗伊氏乳杆菌共培养过程中细菌素的抑菌活性与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391的细胞密度呈现明显的正相关性,并且发现只有活的诱导菌与植物乳杆菌KLDS1.0391共培养才能够诱导细菌素的合成。     

从酸白菜中分离出一株产细菌素的乳酸片球菌

本试验从酸白菜中分离出一株有抑制单核细胞增多症李氏杆菌作用的菌株,经鉴定为乳酸片球菌,还对植物乳杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌等革兰氏阳性细菌有抗菌作用。该抗菌物质对蛋白水解酶敏感、对过氧化氢酶不敏感、耐热、在较宽的pH范围内保持活性。在排除是有机酸和过氧化氢后,初步认为该菌产生的抗菌物质为抗菌肽,即细菌素。