四氢萘和十氢萘的催化裂化反应途径及特征产物

在小型固定流化床催化裂化试验装置上，考察了十氢萘和四氢萘在酸性催化剂上的裂化反应途径及特征产物。结果表明，初始阶段质子化裂化是四氢萘裂化的主要引发反应，H⁺攻击C-C键形成五配位正碳离子是十氢萘裂化的主要引发反应；随着反应深度的进行，氢转移反应成为四氢萘的主要反应，而十氢萘裂化生成的烷基环烷正碳离子的β断裂成为十氢萘的主要反应。四氢萘在酸性催化剂上的反应产物中萘、H₂和苯的摩尔分数最高，是其反应特征产物；十氢萘在酸性催化剂上的反应产物中异丁烷和汽油异构烷烃组分的摩尔分数最高，是其反应特征产物，为多环环烷烃或氢化芳烃的高效利用提供理论依据。     

不同镍含量钨基碳化态催化剂对十氢萘加氢开环的影响

采用共浸渍法制备不同镍含量的Ni-W/ USY-Al2O3碳化态催化剂。通过N2吸附-脱附、元素分析、CO滴定、X射线衍射（XRD）、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行表征。以十氢萘为模型化合物考察了不同Ni含量钨基碳化态催化剂对十氢萘加氢开环反应性能的影响。结果表明，适当的镍钨原子比能够提高催化剂的金属活性位，进而提高催化剂的加氢开环性能。     

Role of tungsten in promoting selective reduction of NO with CO over Ir/WO3–SiO2 catalysts

Catalytic hydrogenation of naphthalene to decalin was studied over a carbon-supported rhodium catalyst in supercritical carbon dioxide solvent at 333 K, and the results were compared with those in an organic solvent. cis-, trans-Decalin and tetralin were formed from the beginning of the reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide. Higher concentration of hydrogen in carbon dioxide solvent and on the active site, and also the suppression of desorption of partially hydrogenated tetralin molecules from the active site would be responsible for higher selectivity to cis-decalin in supercritical carbon dioxide than that in an organic solvent.     

加氢体系构成对沥青质加氢效果的影响

将从玉门原油常压渣油和委内瑞拉原油常压渣油中抽提得到的沥青质,分别在渣油体系和十氢萘体系中进行加氢反应,从加氢产物分布、杂原子脱除率、加氢后沥青质缩合程度3个方面综合考察两种沥青质在不同体系中的加氢效果。结果表明：在十氢萘体系中,沥青质加氢的轻质产物收率更高,焦炭收率更低,但杂原子脱除效果较差;在渣油体系中,沥青质加氢的焦炭收率更高,杂原子脱除效果更好,沥青质的缩合程度更高。主要原因是十氢萘对沥青质具有溶解、分散作用,且对加氢过程具有供氢作用,可以改善沥青质加氢产物的分布,并减缓沥青质的缩合趋势,减少焦炭生成;而渣油体系中重组分大分子易缩合生成焦炭,有助于硫、氮杂原子通过生成焦炭的形式脱除。     

不同沥青质在十氢萘体系中的加氢转化反应性能研究

以十氢萘为溶剂,在高压釜中考察了不同溶剂抽提所得不同来源沥青质的加氢转化反应性能。结果表明,十氢萘可以改变沥青质体系的分散性能并起到供氢剂的作用,使沥青质具有较好的加氢转化性能,转化率均在60%以上,焦炭产率低于原油体系。不同溶剂分离所得沥青质的结构和组成不同,戊烷沥青质的转化率高于同一原料的庚烷沥青质。石蜡基沥青质的焦炭产率较高且转化率和产物分布略差,与传统认识有所差距,说明沥青质的加氢反应性能不仅与渣油原料的基属有关,还与沥青质本身的分子结构组成有关。     

Density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin

New measurements are reported for the density and viscosity of tetralin and trans-decalin. The density was determined from room temperature to 60°C for tetralin and to 95°C for trans-decalin. The kinematic viscosity was measured up to temperatures slightly above 100°C. Our results improve upon the values recommended by the American Petroleum Institute for these liquids.     

1，4，5，8-四硝基-1，4，5，8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷合成工艺的改进?

为了改进1,4,5,8-四硝基-1,4,5,8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷(TNAD)的合成方法,以1,4,5,8-四氮杂双环[4.4.0]癸烷(THAD)为原料,经成盐、硝化两步反应合成出了TNAD,反应总收率为90%,纯度为98.7%。采用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及元素分析对产品结构进行了表征。考察了硝化体系、物料比、反应温度、反应时间对硝化反应的影响,确定了最佳的反应条件:n(THAD.4HNO_3):n(98%HNO_3):n(AC_2O)=1:24:15,反应温度为25℃,反应时间为2 h。     

萘加氢催化剂的研究进展

综述了几类萘加氢催化剂的研究进展,重点介绍了传统的非贵金属 Ni、Mo、Co、W 等加氢催化剂和贵金属加氢催化剂,阐述了上述催化剂在萘加氢过程中的应用,并比较了各自在萘加氢活性、选择性和耐硫性等方面的优缺点,简单介绍了过渡金属碳化物、氮化物、磷化物、硅化物加氢催化剂的研究进展,并与前述两种催化剂进行了比较,通过对现有文献的总结指出了萘加氢催化剂的发展方向,提出新型加氢催化剂的研发仍然是实现萘及其他多环芳烃高效利用的根本出路。     

Involvement of Lipocalin‐like CghA in Decalin‐Forming Stereoselective Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition

Understanding enzymatic Diels–Alder (DA) reactions that can form complex natural product scaffolds is of considerable interest. Sch 210972 1 , a potential anti‐HIV fungal natural product, contains a decalin core that is proposed to form through a DA reaction. We identified the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of 1 and heterologously reconstituted the biosynthetic pathway in Aspergillus nidulans to characterize the enzymes involved. Most notably, deletion of cghA resulted in a loss of stereoselective decalin core formation, yielding both an endo ( 1 ) and a diastereomeric exo adduct of the proposed DA reaction. Complementation with cghA restored the sole formation of 1 . Density functional theory computation of the proposed DA reaction provided a plausible explanation of the observed pattern of product formation. Based on our study, we propose that lipocalin‐like CghA is responsible for the stereoselective intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition that forms the decalin core of 1 .     

The viscosities and densities of selected organic compounds and mixtures of interest in coal liquefaction studies

Experimental measurements are presented for the density and viscosity of selected organic compounds and mixtures at ambient pressure (0.083 MPa) and at temperatures of 298, 318, 338, and 358 K. The compounds studied were decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, tetrahydrofuran, thiophene, quinoline 2,6-lutidine, and m-cresol. Measurements were also made on three mixtures of the compounds decalin, 1-methylnaphthalene, tetralin, m-xylene, and m-cresol. The experimental results are compared with predictions made using a modified corresponding states procedure called TRAPP. The density predictions for the individual compounds and mixtures are good in all cases. For the viscosity, however, the predictions are in reasonable agreement with experiment only for nonassociating compounds and mixtures at reduced densities less than 3. These results suggest that TRAPP may prove very useful as a screening test to distinguish between nonassociating and highly associating mixtures. Such a test would be extremely useful when dealing with mixtures of unknown composition, such as coal liquids.Paper presented at the Ninth Symposium on Thermophysical Properties, June 24–27, 1985, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A.