5A06-O aluminium–magnesium alloy sheet warm hydroforming and optimization of process parameters

The uniaxial tensile test of the 5A06-O aluminium–magnesium (Al–Mg) alloy sheet was performed in the temperature range of 20–300 °C to obtain the true stress–true strain curves at different temperatures and strain rates. The constitutive model of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy sheet with the temperature range from 150 to 300°C was established. Based on the test results, a unique finite element simulation platform for warm hydroforming of 5A06-O Al–Mg alloy was set up using the general finite element software MSC.Marc to simulate warm hydroforming of classic specimen, and a coupled thermo-mechanical finite element model for warm hydroforming of cylindrical cup was built up. Combined with the experiment, the influence of the temperature field distribution and loading conditions on the sheet formability was studied. The results show that the non-isothermal temperature distribution conditions can significantly improve the forming performance of the material. As the temperature increases, the impact of the punching speed on the forming becomes particularly obvious; the optimal values of the fluid pressure and blank holder force required for forming are reduced.     

Experimental and numerical assessment of mechanical properties of welded tubes for hydroforming

The identification of welded tubes properties considering the weld bead and Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) is important for reliable and accurate finite element simulation of tubular plastic forming processes such as tube hydroforming and rotary draw bending processes. Therefore, a simplified method is proposed to extract the weld bead and HAZ properties. Full size standard tensile specimens cut from the welded tube and comprising the weld parallel to the load direction are extended to failure. Mechanical properties obtained from uniaxial tensile test are correlated with the microhardness data measured across the welded specimen and by using the rule of mixtures; the constitutive model parameters of weld bead and HAZ regions are identified. Accuracy of the proposed method is assessed by comparing finite element simulation predictions to experimental measurements obtained from two mechanical tests: the first one is the uniaxial tensile test performed on specimens comprising the weld line perpendicular to the loading direction and the second test is the free bulge hydroforming test achieved on seamed tubular samples. This investigation has shown that the presented method is practical in use and sufficiently accurate to extract the weld metal properties of seamed tubes.     

内压对5A02铝合金充液剪切弯曲管微观结构的影响(英文)

为了研究剪切变形对微观组织的影响,采用电子背散射衍射方法研究铝合金剪切弯曲管的微观组织特征。分析不同内压对外侧圆角和内侧圆角微观组织的影响。结果发现:未变形管材的晶粒尺寸为100μm;在内压为15.2MPa时,变形管材的外侧弯角区域晶粒尺寸为50～100μm,而内侧弯角区域晶粒细化到30～50μm;当内压达到38.0MPa时,晶粒进一步细化,在变形管材的外侧弯角区域晶粒尺寸达到30～50μm,而内侧弯角区域晶粒细化到10～20μm。由此可知,剪切变形对两圆角区域的微观组织有着重要的影响,随着成形压力的提高,晶粒尺寸逐渐细化。由于内外侧不同的变形程度,即便成形压力相同,内侧晶粒尺寸也明显小于外侧的。     

波动加载管材液压成形系统关键问题的研究

分析了液压成形设备的组成以及在研发波动加载管材液压成形系统过程中涉及的关键问题,并对每个问题都提出了合理的解决方案,实现了系统的设计要求。     

A theoretical and experimental study on forming limit diagram for a seamed tube hydroforming

The purpose of this work is to establish the forming limit diagram (FLD) for a seamed tube hydroforming. A new theoretical model is developed to predict the FLD for a seamed tube hydroforming. Based on this theoretical model, the FLD for a seamed tube made of QSTE340 sheet metal is calculated by using the Hosford yield criterion. Some forming limit experiments are performed. A classical free hydroforming tool set is used for obtaining the left hand side forming limit strains, and a novel hydroforming tool set is designed for the right hand side of FLD. The novel device required the simultaneous application of lateral compression force and internal pressure to control the material flow under tension–tension strain states. Furthermore, the suitable loading paths for the left hand side of FLD by theoretical formulas and for the right hand side of FLD by finite element (FE) simulations are calculated. Finally, a comparison between the theoretical results and experimental data is performed. The theoretical predicting results show good agreement with the experimental results.     

A fast algorithm for strain prediction in tube hydroforming based on one-step inverse approach

This paper presents recent developments of a simplified finite element method called the inverse approach (IA) for the estimation of large elastoplastic strains and thickness distribution in tube hydroforming. The basic formulation of the IA, proposed by Guo et al. (1990), has been modified and adapted for the modeling of three-dimensional tube hydroforming problems in which the initial geometry is a circular tube expanded by internal pressure and submitted to axial feed at the tube ends. The application of the IA is illustrated through the analyses of numerical applications concerning the hydroforming of axisymmetric bulge, made from aluminum alloy 6061-T6 tubing, the hydroforming of square section hollow component and the hydroforming of a free Tee extrusion from welded low carbon steel LCS-1008 tubing. Verifications of the obtained results have been carried out using experimental results together with the classical explicit dynamic incremental approach using ABAQUS^® commercial code to show the effectiveness of our approach.     

铝合金薄壁波纹板充液成形工艺研究

目的解决航空铝合金薄壁波纹板爆炸成形工艺成形效率低且成形质量差的问题。方法提出了3种充液成形工艺方案,利用有限元分析软件对3种成形方案进行了对比分析,并且对最优方案进行了试验验证。结果有限元分析结果显示,双面加压充液成形方法能够使零件的各部分变形均匀,避免了在充液成形过程中因摩擦力作用导致的局部变形过大产生的开裂,有效地提高了材料的成形能力。结论双面加压充液成形方法能够成形出轮廓精度高、表面质量好的铝合金薄壁波纹板。     

支管直径大小对 T 型三通管充液成形的影响

目的研究支管直径大小对T型三通管在充液成形过程中的影响。方法在Dynaform软件中建立了有限元模型,对T型三通管的成形过程进行了数值模拟,并进行了相关实验对比。结果随着支管直径的减小,主管端部的壁厚增大,主管壁厚最厚处逐渐从主管背部转移到主管侧壁处,支管直径越小,壁厚最厚处位置越靠上。支管直径较小的T型三通管的壁厚分布更加不均匀,壁厚变化更为剧烈。充液成形第一阶段的轴向补料量对于T型三通管成形的影响较大,支管直径较大的T型三通管补料量增大有助于减小减薄率;支管直径较小的T型三通管补料量增大,减薄率减小不明显,反而会大幅增加增厚率。结论 T型三通管的支管直径越小,其充液成形的难度越大,起皱和破裂的风险越大。支管直径越大,应增加第一阶段的补料量,支管直径越小,在满足减薄率的条件下需减少补料量。     

大拉深比薄壁筒形件充液成形过程数值模拟

目的利用充液成形工艺成形普通拉深工艺难成形的大拉深比筒形件。方法通过理论公式计算了冷冲压工艺成形该制件的道次,利用有限元软件Dynaform对充液成形过程进行了3个步骤模拟,并研究了第1步拉深时初始反胀高度对成形制件减薄率的影响规律。结果利用理论公式计算,传统冲压方法成形拉深比为3.2的筒形件至少需要5个道次,而采用被动式充液成形方法只需要3个道次。每个道次的最大减薄率都在8%以内,最后得到拉深制件的最大减薄率为8.53%,在安全范围以内;第1步充液拉深时,反胀高度分别为1.75,2.75,3.75,4.75,5.75 mm时,得到制件的最大减薄率分别为5.28%,5.08%,4.8%,5.03%,5.03%。结论充液成形工艺较传统冲压工艺可以大大提高板料的成形极限,减少成形道次,成形制件质量好;合适的初始反胀高度,可以减小成形制件壁厚的最大减薄率。     

筒形件充液热拉深及冷却对性能影响的研究

目的研究筒形件充液热拉深及冷却对性能影响。方法在自主开发的RJ50实验机上进行了7075筒形件充液热拉深实验。在210℃下,对不同成形缺陷及影响因素进行了分析,并对成形的零件选择两种冷却介质进行冷却,并研究了宏观力学性能及微观组织演化。结果与温热成形相比,充液热拉深零件具有更高的尺寸精度;在充液热拉深条件下,水冷较空冷对筒形件成形后屈服强度及强度极限有轻微提高,对延伸率影响不大,水冷导致的第二相粒子要比空冷多,但水冷致晶粒粗化缓慢。结论充液热拉深可以显著提高零件的尺寸精度;充液热拉深后并及时冷却的方法,在维持材料力学性能及防止材料劣化方面是有利的。