Comprehensive numerical investigations on the thermal performance of heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins for micro-thermal voltaic system applications

Aiming at improving the relatively low energy output and energy conversion efficiency of the micro-thermal voltaic (MTPV) system, an innovative heat recirculating micro combustor with pin fins is designed. The effects of pin fins arrangement, hydrogen/air equivalent ratio on the energy output and performance of CHMC, HMCP and HMCI are compared and investigated. The result shows that when the V_in is 6 m/s and Φ is 1.0, the emitter power of CHMC is 72.76W, and that of HCMP and HCMI micro combustor are 75.99W and 76.35W. and the emitter efficiency of CHMC, HCMP and HCMI is 41.93%, 43.26% and 44.01%. HMCI has better energy output capability compared with CHMC and HMCP. Even though, HMCI brings a higher pressure drop, it is within the acceptable range. When the V_in is 6 m/s, the pressure drop from the pin fins only accounts for 26.4% of the total pressure drop for HMCI. Through the study of equivalent ratio, it is found that HMCI has good adaptability in different equivalent ratio range. This work provides new ideas for the development of MTPV system in the future.     

Evaluation of cut cell cartesian method for simulation of a hook and claw type hydrogen pump

Hook and claw pumps are used for recirculation of excess hydrogen in fuel cells. Optimization of the pump design is essential. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) is an effective method for performance optimization. However, it is difficult to conduct CFD simulation because of the sharp cusp of the rotor profile. Cut cell Cartesian mesh could be the solution to handle this complex and moving geometries. The aim of this paper is to evaluate ANSYS Forte for hook and claw pumps. Firstly, the conservation accuracy of the cut cell cartesian mesh is verified using an adiabatic piston cylinder case. Then, simulation results of hook and claw type pump are compared with experimental data. Finally, simulation results of air and hydrogen are compared. The results show that the CFD simulation of hook and claw pumps using cut cell cartesian mesh could provide an efficient and effective approach for the optimization of the system.     

氯化锂－水吸附式再循环型空调制冷系统性能研究

对氯化锂－水吸附式空调系统在再循环运行方式下的性能进行了模拟。分析了再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对性能的影响。与开式通风型空调制冷系统的制冷性能相比，再循环型空调制冷系统的制冷能力较大，但性能系数ＣＯＰ较小     

A2O工艺缺氧生物磷去除

A lab-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic （A^2O） process used to treat a synthetic brewage wastewater was investigated. The objectives of the study were to identify the existence of denitrifying phosphorus removing bacteria （DPB）, evaluate the contribution of DPB to biological nutrient removal and enhance the denitrifying phosphorus removal in A^2O bioreactors. Sludge analysis confirmed that the average anoxic P uptake accounted for approximately 70% the total amount of P uptake, and the ratio of anoxic P uptake rate to aerobic P uptake rate was 69%. In addition, nitrate concentration in the anoxic phase and different organic substrate introduced into the anaerobic phase had significant effect on the anoxic P uptake. Compared with conventional A^2O processes, good removal efficiencies of COD, phosphorus, ammonia and total nitrogen （92.3%, 95.5%, 96% and 79.5%, respectively） could be achieved in the anoxic P uptake system, and aeration energy consumption was saved 25%. By controlling the nitrate recirculation flow in the anoxic zone, anoxic P uptake could be enhanced, which solved the competition for organic substrates among poly-P organisms and denitrifiers successfully under the COD limiting conditions. Therefore, in wastewater treatment plants the control system should be applied according to the practical situation to optimize the operation.     

凝结水再循环管道振动原因及减振措施

对比了福建省内某电厂一期、二期工程600 MW发电机组凝结水再循环管道的设计和布置,经过分析,得出了一期管道振动的原因。在二期设计中做出了一些改进,基本解决了凝结水再循环管道的振动问题。     

燃油增压锅炉配风器三维流动特性数值计算

采用RNGκ-ε模型,对船用燃油增压锅炉配风器流场进行了三维冷态数值模拟研究。将常温常压工况下的数值计算结果与PIV试验值进行了对比,两者结果的一致说明了计算模型的正确性。用此计算模型计算并对比了100%BMCR和50%BMCR两个工况下的流场,结果表明:垂直轴的截面上无量纲切向速度与无量纲轴向速度分布呈"M"型,但受稳焰器小孔非轴对称性的影响,无量纲切向速度轴对称性不强。相对于100%BMCR工况,50%BMCR工况回流区轴向和径向尺寸分别下降1.59%、4.55%,最大回流速度下降53%,压损下降75%。两工况下压降的模拟计算值与经验公式计算值均一致,计算结果为配风器的设计和优化运行提供参考依据。     

氯化锂－水吸附式再循环型空调制冷系统性能研究

对氯化锂－水吸附式空调系统在再循环运行方式下的性能进行了模拟。分析了再生温度、热交换器效率及蒸发冷却器效率对性能的影响。与开式通风型空调制冷系统的制冷性能相比，再循环型空调制冷系统的制冷能力较大，但性能系数ＣＯＰ较小     

Comparative wear performance of titanium based coatings for automotive applications using exhaust gas recirculation

This paper reports tribological characterization of titanium based coatings ion bonded on steel balls for automotive applications using exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). It is well known that lubricating oil drawn from EGR operated engine is contaminated with soot and higher amounts of wear debris compared to non-EGR operated engine. In this study, steel balls coated with TiN, TiAlN and TiCN are investigated in both fresh lubricating oil and EGR stressed oil for a comparative assessment of their wear characteristics in two mediums. Normal load was applied on the samples, tested against a rotating cast iron disk, simulating ring-liner interaction. In each experiment, about one quarter of disk was dipped in the oil (a) to ensure the presence of a thin oil film on the disk-ball interface during the experiment, and (b) to avoid exposure of the worn surface to atmospheric air. The results reveal that the wear rates of the coatings based on the change in the scar diameters of the samples, tested in EGR oil was 2-4 times higher than that of fresh lubricating oil. It was found that despite lowest hardness, TiN coated samples showed smaller scar diameters than TiAlN and TiCN coated samples in both lubricating oil environments. A simple geometric model was used to calculate the thickness of the coating removed as a function of the test duration. Results show that TiN coatings last for 120 min in fresh oil as compared to 30 min in the EGR oil under normal loading, whereas TiAlN and TiCN coating last for 60 and 30 min respectively in fresh oil and wear out in 15 min in EGR oil.     

Impact of arteriovenous fistula cannulation on the quality of dialysis

Introduction: Adequate hemodialysis directly improves health. Puncturing an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and the amount of blood recirculation greatly affect the quality of dialysis. Few studies have assessed the method to cannulate a fistula and its influence on efficiency of hemodialysis. Methods: This prospective pilot study included 14 patients with end‐stage renal failure receiving regular intermittent hemodialysis. Patients received three consecutive treatments with both needles directed upstream then three consecutive treatments with the venous needle directed upstream and the arterial needle directed downstream. With both techniques, the distance between the needles was kept constant at 2.5 cm. Recirculation rate and Kt/V ratio were measured during each treatment using thermodilution and a diascan Fresenius generator. Findings: The 14 patients received 84 hemodialysis sessions: i.e., 8 (57.1%) males and 6 (42.8%) females, mean age 62.3 ± 15.57 years. Results showed that mean recirculation rates and Kt/V did not significantly differ between the two techniques. Discussion: Because no significant difference was found between the two techniques, the direction of insertion of needles should be decided upon on a case‐by‐case basis depending on the anatomy of the AVF and the feasibility of the puncture.     

进口流速对丁坝回流长度影响的数值模拟研究

运用计算流体力学（CFD）方法,对宽浅河道中非淹没丁坝的流场进行二维数值模拟研究。模拟结果显示RNGk-s模型能够较好地描述出丁坝下游实际回流特征的产生,扩散及消失过程,能够较好地模拟丁坝下游的回流尺度。最后采用此模型模拟不同进口流速在相同条件下的流场结构,通过量纲分析与数值模拟结果的比较分析得到进口流速对回流尺度影响的关系式。进口流速越大,回流边线越长越宽。研究结果对丁坝的设计与施工,具有一定的参考意义。