The corrosion behavior and mechanism of X65 steel induced by iron‐oxidizing bacteria in the seawater environment

The corrosion behavior and mechanism of iron‐oxidizing bacteria (IOB) on X65 steel in seawater are studied. This study uses the methods of weight loss, electrochemical measurements, and surface analysis. The results show that the IOB increases the corrosion damage degree of steel. Pittings are observed in the medium with IOB. The potentiodynamic polarization curves show that the anodic reaction rate is accelerated in the corrosion process of IOB. The synergies in corrosion between the metal surface, abiotic corrosion products, and bacterial cells, and the pitting corrosion mechanism of X65 steel are discussed.     

Some molecular aspects of hydrogen production by marine Chlorella pyrenoidosa under nitrogen deprivation condition in natural seawater

In this study, marine microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa produced 186 ml H₂/l under nitrogen deprivation in natural seawater, and adding 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) to medium reduced the total volume of hydrogen production by 85%. This suggested water was the main electron donor for hydrogenase. An active starch accumulation was observed during the first two days in nitrogen deprivation. But the starch content in cell decreased only by 7% at the end of the hydrogen evolution stage. This was shown the absence of a large contribution of starch to the hydrogen production by C. pyrenoidosa in nitrogen deprivation. Different from the hydrogen production by Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under sulfur deprivation condition, the concentration of acetate in the medium decreased not only at the stage of oxygen consumption but also during the stage of hydrogen evolution by C. pyrenoidosa. Thus, acetate is involved not only in the establishment of anaerobiosis but also plays an important role in the production of hydrogen by C. pyrenoidosa as an exogenous electron donor.     

Feasibility of utilizing 2304 duplex stainless steel rebar in seawater concrete: Passivation and corrosion behavior of steel rebar in simulated concrete environments

The feasibility of using 2304 duplex stainless steel rebar in seawater concrete was determined by studying the passivation and corrosion behavior of steel in solutions simulated curing and service stage of concrete, respectively. The results demonstrate that 2304 duplex stainless steel rebar could be used with seawater concrete because of a stable passive film formed on the steel surface during the curing stage of concrete even in the presence of 2 M chloride ions. However, due to the synergistic effect of concrete carbonation, the rebar suffered a corrosive attack by chloride due to the lack of OH^? inhibition.     

两种海水脱硫催化剂性能的研究

在海水脱硫恢复系统中,为了提高海水脱硫催化剂的脱硫效果,降低吸收塔出口海水中S(IV)浓度,对聚丙烯腈碳纤维和天然斜发沸石两种催化剂进行了改性、表征。并在不同的p H值条件下对同一催化剂,以及在同一p H值条件下对不同的催化剂的催化效果进行了研究。结果表明,改性后的聚丙烯腈碳纤维和天然斜发沸石结构没有发生变化,催化效果却大大提高;在p H值为6时,两者的催化效果均最佳;同时,改性斜发沸石(400-Fe-Clin)的催化效率高于改性聚丙烯腈(PAN1)基碳纤维。     

热法太阳能海水淡化理论研究进展综述

热法海水淡化是太阳能利用海水淡化中重要的研究方向。针对热法海水淡化蒸发冷凝过程的理论模型主要集中在以Dunkle模型为代表的盘式海水淡化模型上。近年来随着新型淡化结构的提出,太阳能集热系统的改进导致操作条件的变化,以及计算机软件、新型检测设备的开发和应用,国内外学者提出了许多新的淡化模型。该文综述了经典理论模型以及近年来新的理论模型,提出了未来的理论研究将针对建立不同腔体类型的模型以及对腔体内部物理场分布的模拟。     

利用可再生能源的反渗透膜法海水淡化方案探讨

该文对常规膜法海水淡化系统的系统功能、设备出力、蓄水能力、设备选型、运行管理等方面提出了优化调整意见,使之在安全运行的前提下,适应可再生能源电力波动的特点,如此不但能解决可再生能源发电量不稳定、发电量与用电负荷不匹配等问题,大幅提高可再生能源发电设备的利用小时数,还能解决我国淡水资源紧缺问题,创造利用可再生能源和海水资源的新循环经济模式。     

实海浸泡条件下聚氨酯涂层的失效行为

目的 在青岛市小麦岛试验站开展实海浸泡试验,探究聚氨酯涂层在实际服役过程中的失效行为。 方法 选用TS55?80聚氨酯涂层/Q235碳钢体系为试验样品,开展实海浸泡试验。从聚氨酯涂层的表面形貌、失光率、色差、涂层附着力、化学结构及涂层热稳定性等角度对聚氨酯涂层的失效行为进行研究。结果 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层表面会出现明显的鼓泡和裂纹等缺陷,在浸泡6个月后的涂层表面可以观察到明显的腐蚀产物。随着浸泡时间的延长,涂层的化学结构发生了明显变化,涂层的热稳定性显著降低。在浸泡12个月后,聚氨酯涂层的失光率为69.9%,属于严重失光;涂层的色差达到3.20,属于轻微变色,涂层的附着力降至0.82 MPa,涂层与金属基体的结合强度大幅下降;聚氨酯涂层的阻抗值降至2.81×10³ Ω.cm²,说明涂层的防护性能基本丧失。结论 在实海浸泡条件下,聚氨酯涂层中颜料颗粒的脱落会造成涂层表面孔隙数量的增加,这会加速海水中水和氧气等腐蚀性介质的渗透过程,使得涂层/金属界面处的电化学反应快速进行,导致涂层的防护性能快速下降。此外,聚氨酯链中氨基甲酸酯键的水解是造成聚氨酯涂层发生降解的主要原因。     

混凝/微滤用于反渗透海水淡化的预处理

考察了混凝/微滤工艺用于反渗透海水淡化预处理的可行性,并通过调整FeCl3和粉末活性炭(PAC)投量来确定最佳运行条件。结果表明,当FeCl3投量为2.5mg/L(以Fe3 计)、PAC耗量为40mg/L时处理效果最好,出水浊度<0.1NTU,污泥淤塞指数SDI<1.5,CODMn平均去除率为24%,满足反渗透的进水水质要求。此外,混凝及PAC的吸附作用可使海水中粒径<0.22μm的颗粒物变大,从而被微滤膜截留,这是出水水质良好的保证。     

去除海水中TOC的新型药剂试验研究

为了验证LY-K01新型药剂在TOC去除率上的高效性,拟定了该药剂与传统药剂对海水TOC处理的对比实验,并对其实验方法与实验步骤进行了介绍,结合该药剂的药剂机理得出该处理药剂可真正做到将氧化、吸附、混凝结合为一体,效果良好,值得推广使用。