A novel utilized method of tar derived from biomass gasification for fabricating binder-free all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

As an industrial pollutant, tar derived from biomass gasification is used as the precursor for fabricating a novel carbon-metal hydroxides composite electrode. A slurry (the mixture of tar, KOH and melamine) is daubed uniformly onto the nickel foam, which is directly carbonized to form NPC@LDH electrode material. This electrode is further coated with NiCo-LDH nanosheets using an electrodeposition method to form NF@NPC@LDH. The newly made NF@NPC@LDH electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 9.6 F cm⁻² at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and good rate performance (55.3% retention). Furthermore, a hybrid NF@NPC@LDH//NF@PC all-solid-state supercapacitor is fabricated, and the device exhibits high energy density of 1.28 mWh cm⁻³ at a power density of 8.04 mW cm⁻³, low resistance and good cycling stability.     

基于多线结构光的弱纹理物体形貌测量方法

大多数现有的主流结构光测量装置在被测物体的表面上投射单条激光,通过移动装置实现物体表面的扫描重建。为了实现物体表面的在线快速重建,将多线结构光和双目立体视觉理论相结合,设计了一种新的三维测量方法。提出了一种结合形态滤波和Zhang-Suen细化算法的光条骨架提取方法和基于光条序列关系的光条匹配算法,并通过极线约束实现光条上特征点的精确匹配。通过实验验证了方法的有效性,相对误差在3%以内。     

激励对往复式骨架油封密封性能的影响

为改善往复式骨架油封的泄漏问题,建立油封唇口密封区流体润滑的数值计算模型,模型考虑密封面粗糙形貌以及油封唇口的径向变形,通过求解雷诺方程分析密封区的流体力学特性,获得密封区的油膜厚度和压力分布,并分析激振频率和振幅对密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着激振频率的增加,内外行程中密封区的最小膜厚呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,激振频率越大,往复式骨架油封的密封性越差;内外行程中密封区的的最小膜厚随激振振幅的增加呈非线性增加,激振振幅越大,往复式骨架油封的密封性越好。综合考虑,为提高密封效果,往复式骨架油封适用于小频高幅的工作场合。     

Effect of impact angle on wear behavior of Mo2NiB2–Ni cermets with different Ni content

Herein, the influence of the impact angle and Ni content on the wear behavior of Mo₂NiB₂–Ni cermets was studied using an erodent-carrying slurry comprising artificial seawater and SiO₂ sands. The results reveal that the material loss may be attributed to the wear damage caused by SiO₂ sands because cermets are expected to exhibit good corrosion resistance in artificial seawater. The relative density of cermets markedly influences their resistance to wear damage, and the material loss experienced by cermets with poor relative density is 2–4 times higher than that of cermets with good relative density; this occurs because a higher relative density can markedly enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the defects in the cermets. Moreover, the results indicate that as the impact angle increases from 0° to 60°, the manifestation of the wear mechanism changes from damaging the Ni binder phase (caused by single cutting wear) to damaging both the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases due to the combination of cutting wear and impact wear. The wear damage is dominated by the cutting wear and impact wear from SiO₂ sand at the low and high impact angles, respectively. Furthermore, the severe deterioration of the single ceramic skeleton at high impact angles indicates that the synergistic influence of the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases on enhancing the wear resistance of the cermets intensifies at high impact angles.     

Laser damage resistance of plasma-sprayed alumina and honeycomb skeleton/alumina composite ceramic coatings

Al₂O₃ and honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coatings on Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. A laser ablation experiment on as-sprayed coatings was performed. In this paper, the laser damage resistance, microstructure, phase composition of Al₂O₃ coatings were examined. 3D Dimensional Confocal Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) characterized the laser damage morphology, microstructure, phase composition, and element analysis, respectively. The influence of the honeycomb skeleton on the laser ablation damage on as-sprayed coatings was investigated by a comparative analysis of the laser damage morphology with different laser ablation times and gas flow. The results show that the honeycomb skeleton raises thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, a “tower”-like dendrite was generated during the laser irradiation of the composite coating. The honeycomb skeleton refined the structure, suppressed crack propagation, and reduced the influence of gas flow on cracks. Under the same experimental laser ablation parameters, the laser damage area of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was smaller than that of the Al₂O₃ coating. It was demonstrated that the laser damage resistance of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was superior to that of the Al₂O₃ coating.     

Stabilizing effect of the cyclodextrins additive to spray-dried particles of curcumin/polyvinylpyrrolidone on the supersaturated state of curcumin

Although curcumin is considered to have various therapeutic effects, its use as a functional food or supplement is restricted owing to its low water solubility and bioavailability. To increase the solubility of curcumin in water, the use of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and vinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymers with a pyrrolidone skeleton was noted to be promising. In particular, the bi-component formulations of curcumin/PVP prepared through spray drying exhibited an amorphous state in powder X-ray diffraction observations and temporally increased the apparent solubility of curcumin to over 5000 times that of untreated curcumin; nevertheless, after 24 h, the solubility decreased owing to the unstable supersaturated state of curcumin. The addition of α-cyclodextrin (α-CyD) in the bi-component curcumin/PVP formulation helped maintain the supersaturated state of curcumin, whereas the addition of β- and γ-CyD led to the collapse of the supersaturated state. The addition of α-CyD can likely help inhibit the nucleation and crystal growth of curcumin, through the interaction among the solubilized units of curcumin/PVP and α-CyD.     

《中国建筑文化之西渐》的研究框架

《中国建筑文化之西渐》系“中国建筑文化研究文库”的第26号专著。该文介绍了国内外在中国建筑文化西传史领域的研究状况，以及作者在资料零散情况下所采用的研究方法和在专题选择、时期划分等方面的特点，探索了一些新的史学方法在比较建筑史领域的应用。     

骨架构建法进行污泥固化处理的试验研究

针对目前采用水泥固化处理污泥中存在的水泥用量大、强度低问题,提出采用废弃淤泥构建污泥骨架进行固化处理的思路。试验结果表明,添加淤泥后污泥固化强度得到了明显提高,能够满足填埋或资源化利用对强度的要求,并实现了以废治废的目标。为了获得最优的固化方案,建立了污泥固化处理的多目标优化设计模型,通过该模型可获得最优的水泥和淤泥掺入量。     

剪切刚度层模型恢复力特性骨架线的简化计算法

本文提出了确定剪切刚度层模型恢复力特性骨架线的简化计算法。以北京国贸中心高层钢结构为例，用简化法和弹塑性荷载增量法计算了层恢复力特性骨架线，用这两种骨架线进行了弹塑性时程分析，两者的结果比较接近。简化法确定的骨架线适用于高层建筑钢结构在大震作用下的安全验算。