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Motoyuki Sugano Hideyoshi Andoh Masafumi Tsubosaka Keiki Tanaka Katsumi Hirano Kiyoshi Mashimo 《Fuel》2009,88(12):2437-2441
It is well known that the amount of waste tyre increases every year, and a numerous amount of waste tyre is landfilled or dumped all over the world, which causes environmental problems, such as destruction of natural places and the risk of fires. Coprocessing waste tyre and coal is considered as one of the effective processing methods of both materials. Upon coprocessing lower rank coal (Wyoming, C; 68%) with waste tyre, the synergistic effects to upgrading, such as the increase of oil yield and the decrease of residue yield, were appeared. However, the synergistic effects were not observed on coprocessing two kinds of higher rank coals with waste tyre. The reactions of coal with benzophenone were carried out to discuss the hydrogen donatability of coal. Conversion of benzophenone to diphenylmethane on the reaction with Wyoming coal was higher than those of higher rank coals. Accordingly, it was considered that the synergistic effects to upgrading upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were obtained owing to the enhancement of stabilization of radicals from tyre and Wyoming coal through the hydrogen donation from both tyre and Wyoming coal. The effects of reaction temperature and the amount of solvent upon coprocessing Wyoming coal with waste tyre were also discussed in this study. 相似文献
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Mohammad Farhat Ali Shakeel AhmedMuhammad Salman Qureshi 《Fuel Processing Technology》2011,92(5):1109-1120
Coprocessing reactions with waste plastics, petroleum residues and coal were performed to determine the individual and blended behavior of these materials using lower pressure and cheaper catalysts. The plastic used in this study was polypropylene. The thermodegradative behavior of polypropylene (PP) and PP/petroleum residues/coal blends were investigated in the presence of solid hydrocracking (HC) catalysts. A comparison among various catalysts has been performed on the basis of observed temperatures. The higher temperatures of initial weight loss of PP shifted to lower values by the addition of petroleum residues and coal. The catalysts were also tested in a fixed-bed micro reactor for the pyrolysis of polypropylene, petroleum residues and coal, alone and blended together in nitrogen and hydrogen atmosphere. High yields of liquid fuels in the boiling range 100-480 °C and gases were obtained along with a small amount of heavy oils and insoluble material such as gums and coke. The results obtained on the coprocessing of polypropylene with coal and petroleum residues are very encouraging as this method appears to be quite feasible to convert plastic materials into liquefied coal products and to upgrade the petroleum residues and waste plastics. 相似文献
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《分离科学与技术》2012,47(15):3650-3663
Abstract The PUREX process has undergone several modifications to address the issues of high burn up, fewer solvent extraction cycles, and reduced waste arisings. Advanced fuel cycle scenarios have led to a renewed international interest in the development of separation schemes for co-recovering U/Pu from spent fuels. Completely incinerable N,N-dihexyloctanamide (DHOA) has been identified as a promising candidate for the reprocessing of spent fuels. Batch extraction studies were carried out to evaluate DHOA and TBP for the coprocessing (co-extraction and co-stripping) of U and Pu from spent fuel under varying concentrations of nitric acid and of uranium as well as under simulated pressurized heavy water reactor spent fuel feed conditions. At 50 g/L U in 4 M HNO3, DPu values for 1.1 M DHOA and 1.1 M TBP solutions in n-dodecane were 7.9 and 3.8, respectively. In contrast, significantly lower DPu value at 0.5 M HNO3 (4 × 10?3) for DHOA as compared to TBP (4 × 10?2) suggested that it was a better choice for coprocessing of spent nuclear fuel. This behavior was attributed to the change in stoichiometry of extracted species at lower acidity vis-a-vis the higher acidity. These studies suggest that plutonium fraction can be enriched with respect to uranium contamination in the product stream. DHOA displays better extraction behavior of plutonium and stripping behavior of uranium under simulated feed conditions. DHOA appears distinctly better than TBP with respect to fission product/structural material decontamination of U/Pu. 相似文献
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Thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polystyrene (PS) with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), poly-ethylene terephthalate (PET) plastics were carried out in a 25 cm3 stainless steel micro reactor at around 430–440 °C under 5.5–6.0 MPa of N2 gas pressure for 1 h. Three reactions of each plastic with PS were conducted in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. The amount of PS was varied to explore its role and reactivity. In all coprocessing reactions, ratio 1:1 afforded the best yields in the form pyrolytic oils. SIM distillation of hexane soluble portion showed that the low boiling fractions were not found and fractions were obtained only after 96 °C + boiling point. It could be due to the vaporization of high volatile components. In most of the binary pyrolysis, light cycle oil (LCO) fractions have low recovery than heavy cycle oil (HCO). GC identified some very important chemical compounds present in the liquid products obtained from the pyrolysis of mixed plastics. The results obtained from this study have shown usefulness and feasibility of the pyrolysis process of the mixed plastics as an alternative approach to feedstock recycling. 相似文献
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Jongsic Hwang Honggon Kim Gio-Bin Lim Christine W. Curtis 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1995,12(2):193-197
The combined catalytic reactions using different types of petroleum residuum and coal were performed at 425°C and 60 minutes
in the presence of hydrogen to upgrade both materials to high quality synthetic fuels. In order to improve this coprocessing
technology, the effect of the chemical and physical properties of both materials on the coprocessing product yields was investigated
through a parametric study. In all reaction combinations, substantial increase in maltene production and high coal conversions
of over 84% were observed regardless of petroleum residuum type and coal rank. The petroleum residuum properties of specific
gravity and conradson carbon residue had effects on asphaltene production and coal conversion. The results of quantitative
analysis for the amount of coal upgraded during coprocessing lead to conclude thata large amount of coal converted to maltene fraction due to high catalytic activity and reactive hydrogen donor richness of
coprocessing system. However, most of the heavier fractions were formed primarily from coal regardless of the type of residuum
used. 相似文献
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