Techno-economic analysis of e-waste based chemical looping reformer as hydrogen generator with co-generation of metals,electricity and syngas

Chemical looping reforming (CLR) is an efficient technology to convert hydrocarbon fuels into CO₂ and H₂ using metal oxide based oxygen carriers. The novelty of the present study is to utilize electronic waste such as printed circuit board (PCB) to generate high quality syngas and metallic components for the CLR process. A portion of the syngas generated during e-waste pyrolysis is used with coal and polypropylene for effective combustion. A techno-economic analysis is performed for the production of hydrogen and electricity in the CLR method. The levelized costs for electricity (LCOE), hydrogen (LCOH), syngas (LCOS), and metal (LCOM) production using e-wastes are estimated as 92.28 $/MWh, 3.67 $/kg, 0.0034 $/kWh, and 24.32 $/ton, respectively. The LCOH is found to be the least of 2.90 $/kg under the co-feed conditions of PCB syngas-PP. The integration of the e-waste based CLR with a steam turbine system achieved a net efficiency of 50%.     

Evaluation and verification of the virgin–recycled mixing ratio of polypropylene plastic

This study has analyzed the properties of blended polypropylene (PP) specimens and employed statistical analysis to develop a method for determining the virgin–recycled mixing ratio of a specimen. Morphological observations and analyses of thermal and mechanical properties were conducted to examine specimen properties. The results were incorporated into regression analysis to create relationship equations. The results revealed that the melt temperature ranged between 167 and 169 °C, melt index (MI) ranged between 7.59 and 18.36 g/10 min, viscosity decreased when the amount of recycled PP and the rotation speed increased, the maximum decomposition temperature decreased with an increase in recycled PP content and increased with the heating rate, activation energy (E_a) ranged between 39.91 and 12.07 kcal/mol, Young’s modulus ranged between 1121.1 and 1910.2 MPa, and impact strength ranged between 37.94and 49.41 J/m (no significant trends). Scanning electron microscopy showed unbroken fibrils distributed on the fracture surface of Specimens 1–3. Additionally, the tensile strain of these specimens was comparatively high. The fracture surfaces of the specimens showed favorable compatibility after undergoing impact tests. The results of regression analysis indicated that the mixing ratio achieved significant correlations with E_a, MI, and Young’s modulus. Thus, regression and multiple regression analysis were performed to create relationship equations.     

PLA-g-GMA的制备及其对PLA/PPC共混体系性能的影响

采用双螺杆挤出机将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)接枝到聚乳酸(PLA)上,而后将接枝产物(PLA-g-GMA)与聚乳酸(PLA)、聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)反应性共混,考察了接枝物中GMA加入量变化对PLA/PPC/PLA-g-GMA共混体系的力学性能、热稳定性能的影响,并对共混体系的断裂机理进行了研究。结果表明,PLA-g-GMA的引入能够在一定程度上改善PLA与PPC的相容性。随着接枝物中GMA加入量的增加,共混物的冲击强度、断裂伸长率及拉伸强度均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,并在接枝物中GMA加入量为3%时达到最大值。扫描电镜结果显示,PLA-g-GMA引入后共混物的韧性断裂特征越发显著,其冲击断裂方式由脆性断裂过渡为韧性断裂。热失重分析结果显示,加入PLA-g-GMA后共混物的起始分解温度和完全分解温度均有一定程度的提高。     

Influence of promoting Ni-based catalysts with ruthenium in the dry reforming of polypropylene plastics for syngas production

The catalytic dry reforming of plastic waste is conducted in two-stage fixed bed reactors. The pyrolysis of polypropylene plastics occurs in the first reactor, and the pyrolyzed gases undergo a reforming reaction with carbon dioxide over a catalyst in the second reactor. The wet impregnation method is used to synthesize Ru–Ni/Al₂O₃ catalysts, which are then calcined and reduced at 800 °C. The results show that as the nickel loading increases, the syngas production increases. Promoting the catalyst with a small quantity of ruthenium significantly improves the plastic conversion into syngas. The dry reforming of polypropylene over 1Ru15Ni/Al₂O₃ catalyst resulted in the maximum syngas yield (159 mmol_syngas/g_PP) at a 2:1 plastic to catalyst ratio. The catalytic dry reforming of plastics is promising for the production of synthesis gas.     

Design of data feature-driven 1D/2D convolutional neural networks classifier for recycling black plastic wastes through laser spectroscopy

In this study, two types of convolutional neural network (CNN) classifiers are designed to handle the problem of classifying black plastic wastes. In particular, the black plastic wastes have the property of absorbing laser light coming from spectrometer. Therefore, the classification of black plastic wastes remains still a challenging problem compared to classifying other colored plastic wastes using existing spectroscopy (i.e., NIR). When it comes the classification problem of black plastic wastes, effective classification techniques by the laser spectroscopy of Fourier Transform-Infrared Radiation (FT-IR) with Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman to analyze the classification problem of black plastic wastes are introduced. Due to the strong ability of extracting spatial features and remarkable performance in image classification, 1D and 2D CNN through data features are designed as classifiers. The technique of chemical peak points selection is considered to reduce data redundancy. Furthermore, through the selection of data features based on the extracted 1D data with peak points is introduced. Experimental results demonstrate that 2DCNN classifier designed with the help of 2D data feature selection as well as 1DCNN classifier shows the best performance compared with other reported methods for classifying black plastic wastes.     

聚丙烯纤维在路桥工程中的使用

应用聚丙烯纤维(简称DFRC)来提高混凝土的抗裂性、韧性和抗疲劳等性能及防水性能已成为当今路桥工程中的重要途径.本文从DFRC纤维的特性、功能及作用机理、强度标准、使用说明及工程应用实例作全面介绍.     

聚丙烯纤维网纤维的特性及在砼工程中的应用

聚丙烯纤维网纤维，是80年代中期由美国军队工程师团罗伯特工程协会专为防空工事加固而研制的，并由美国纤维网公司（fibermesh）投入生产并推向市场的专利产品。该纤维是由100％的原材料聚丙烯合成的，特别适用于砼加强的工程。     

某加固工程海漫开裂有限元分析

运用有限元法,对新沭河泄洪闸之海漫温度应力及干燥收缩应力进行计算分析。计算结果表明,对于厚度较薄的大面积混凝土,干燥收缩和温度作用导致混凝土开裂,采用聚丙稀纤维混凝土,能够取得较好的预防温度、干燥收缩裂缝的效果。     

纤维高强粉煤灰混凝土抗剪强度试验研究

通过进行纤维高强混凝土的抗剪强度和立方体抗压强度试验 ,研究了在高强粉煤灰混凝土中掺入不同类型和不同体积率的钢纤维及掺入不同体积率的聚丙烯纤维对高强粉煤灰混凝土抗剪性能的影响 ,并结合试验数据分析得出一些结论供参考。     

掺不同纤维的活性粉末混凝土力学性能研究

通过对16组分别掺入钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维的活性粉末混凝土试件进行抗压、抗折强度试验,并且对每组试件采用了三种不同的养护方案。试验结果表明:热水养护对活性粉末混凝土的抗压和抗折强度有较大幅度的提升,当温度达75℃时,提升幅度10%~30%;相比单掺聚丙烯纤维单掺钢纤维对活性粉末混凝土试块的抗压、抗折强度提升幅度更大,钢纤维含量为4%时活性粉末混凝土的抗压和抗折强度分别提高21%和53%;钢纤维掺量为2%和聚丙烯纤维掺量为0.3%并且经过75℃高温养护的活性粉末混凝土试块其抗压、抗折力学性能达到最优,其抗压强度达到168.4MPa,抗折强度达到31.57MPa。