Pyrolysis of Miscanthus Giganteus and wood pellets: TG-FTIR analysis and reaction kinetics

Characterisation of two biomass fuels (pelletised Miscanthus Giganteus and wood) was performed using thermogravimetric analysis with measurement of products by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR). Three heating rate profiles were applied (10, 30 and 100 °C/min), with a final temperature of 900 °C. HCN and HNCO were found to be the major N-products, while the NH₃ fraction was detected to a minor extent. Kinetic parameters were obtained from the TG-FTIR results using a model based on parallel first-order reactions with a Gaussian distribution of activation energies. On the basis of the above kinetic analysis and product yields, input files for the functional group-devolatilisation, vaporisation, cross-linking biomass-pyrolysis model were prepared. The fit of model parameters to TG-FTIR product-evolution data was found to be generally good, but the model-predicted yields for some species did not fit experimental data at all heating rates. Further improvements in the model are needed to resolve above difficulty.     

PET和关中麦秆共热解特性及其动力学研究

利用TG-FTIR技术研究陕西关中地区小麦秸秆（麦秆）、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）及其两者混合物麦秆-PET（质量比1：1）在20 K/min的升温速率下的热解行为、主要热解产物、协同效应和动力学。研究结果表明：PET热解初始温度为375℃,最大热失重速率处的温度为454.9℃,失重率为62.87%,其热解残余质量为19.42%;麦秆-PET的热解DTG曲线表现为麦秆和PET主失重峰（339.9和444℃）的叠加,且混合试样在两个强峰处的失重率分别为22.9%和73.9%,最终热解残余质量为23.52%;PET和麦秆共热解过程中会出现两个协同效应（339.9和444℃）,这使得共热解产物中的CO、CH₄以及芳香族、酸类、酮类、醛类、醇类、烷烃、酚类和醚类等轻质焦油组分含量高于麦秆和PET单独热解,共热解提高了热解产物的热值,改善了热解产物组成,提升了热解产物的稳定性和燃料品质;采用Coats-Redfern积分法计算得到PET在主热解区的表观活化能为355.48 kJ/mol,远高于麦秆的表观活化能（86.5 kJ/mol）,麦秆-PET在低温区（258~363℃）的表观活化能为53.6 kJ/mol,在高温区（393~463℃）的表观活化能为81.6 kJ/mol。     

煤与油棕榈空果串富氧混烧特性的研究

利用热重-红外联用(TG-FTIR)分析了Adaro煤与棕榈空果串(EFB)在富氧混烧工况下的特性.热重分析仪记录样品在加热过程中的质量损失,而FTIR则分析其释放的气体产物.对在18%O_2/82%CO_2,Air(21%O_2/79%N_2),21%O_2/79%CO_2,30%O_2/70%CO_24种工况下Adaro coal+30%EFB样品进行燃烧.热重分析表明,与O_2/N_2工况相比,O_2/CO_2条件下CO_2气体对燃烧有抑制作用,且空气工况下与30%O_2/70%CO_2的燃烧特性相当.FTIR分析释放的气体主要是CO_2,CO,H_2O.     

TG-FTIR分析技术在PVC热降解过程研究中的应用

利用热失重-红外光谱联机分析技术(TG-FTIR)研究了聚氯乙烯(PVC)共混物在氮气气氛下、30～900℃范围内的热降解行为。结果表明:PVC共混物的热降解过程可分为3个阶段,分别在200～380℃,380～570℃和570～758℃范围内。其中,第一阶段主要为PVC脱HCl反应阶段,热降解产物主要为HCl;第二阶段主要为共轭多烯结构的裂解和环化,产物为低烃类化合物、苯及其衍生物;第三阶段为碳酸钙的分解反应,产物为CO2。     

Catalytic pyrolysis of mannose as a model compound of hemicellulose over zeolites

Mannose was selected as a model compound of hemicellulose and its thermal behavior over zeolites has been investigated using a TG-FTIR analyzer. There was an initial study of the chemical structure of mannose and a characterization of the catalysts. All three catalysts, HZSM-5, H-β and USY, had a significant influence on the dehydration, cracking and deoxygenation reactions during the pyrolysis of mannose. The dehydration reaction in the initial stage was enhanced, resulting in two separate water release processes, while the char formation was suppressed. USY had the best effect on dehydration, and HZSM-5 obtained the highest deoxygenation efficiency. The presence of HZSM-5 and H-β catalyzed the formation of water and CO₂, while suppressing the formation of oxygenated compounds and char residues.     

Properties and carbonization behavior of asphalt modified with the THF-soluble fraction of a coal liquefaction residue

This study focuses on the effects of the tetrahydrofuran-soluble fraction of direct coal liquefaction residue as a modifier to modify asphalt with formaldehyde. The properties and carbonization behavior of matrix asphalt and the modified asphalts were studied. The results indicate that the ductility properties of modified asphalts have been effectively improved. The morphology of modified asphalts without the addition of formaldehyde is a set of uniform distribution point, and it is converted from linear distribution to clustered distribution observed in fluorescence microscope images with the increase of the adding amount of formaldehyde.     

基于TG-FTIR的生物质加压热解试验研究

运用热重-傅立叶红外光谱联用技术(TG-FTIR),以麦秸为对象,探讨催化与非催化条件下生物质的加压热解特性,分析研究热解压力、温度、催化剂种类对生物质热解主要析出产物的影响。通过热重TG和DTG曲线,获得相关热解特性参数及动力学参数,结果表明添加NiO和CaO的加压催化热解均促进麦秸热解反应进行,降低表观活化能,其中NiO对提高热解析出产率作用更显著。通过红外光谱对热解产物的分析表明,提高热解压力以及加入适当的催化剂NiO和CaO均有利于增加CO和CH_4的生成。而且热解压力增加提高了NiO和CaO的催化作用,其中添加NiO时,在800℃以上具有更好的催化作用,且提高压力更有利于促进CH_4的生成;而添加CaO时,提高热解压力有利于减少CO_2的生成。     

热重红外联用在线表征乙醇原位催化反应

使用热重红外联用系统,在线表征了采用载气携带反应乙醇气方式进气的乙醇在纳米Ag/K2O/Al2O3催化剂和Cu/K2O/Al2O3催化剂上的原位催化反应。热重到红外之间的可控温传输管的温度对反应物与产物的分离和鉴别特性的影响被考察。由于反应物与产物沸点不同,通过控制传输管的温度能被分离,因此可以有效鉴别反应产物和评价催化剂活性。相比纳米Cu/K2O/Al2O3,纳米Ag/K2O/Al2O3对乙醇的催化反应具有较高的转化率,表现出更高的催化活性。     

生物质催化热解的TG-FTIR研究

借助综合热分析仪和傅立叶红外联用技术(TG-FTIR),考察了HUSY、REY和HZSM-53种分子筛以及重油催化裂化催化剂MLC和馏分油催化裂解催化剂CIP对生物质催化热解的活性和选择性。研究结果表明,分子筛对生物质热解产物的脱氧活性顺序为:REY≈HUSY>HZSM-5,生成高辛烷值烃类的选择性顺序为:REY>HUSY≈HZSM-5;MLC催化剂和CIP催化剂都表现出较高的选择活性,前者的脱氧活性略高于后者;择形分子筛HZSM-5的引入对调整催化剂酸强度、提高催化转化选择性和抑制焦炭生成产生一定作用。     

生物质与煤混烧的热重-红外试验研究

利用TG-FTIR对生物质、煤及其混合物的燃烧过程及燃烧产物进行分析,研究了生物质添加比例、升温速率、氧气浓度对燃烧过程的影响。结果表明,生物质的加入可以有效改善样品的燃烧性能,提高样品的燃尽性能。提高生物质添加比例,可以降低燃烧气态产物中CO与CO₂的比例,提高燃料利用率。提高升温速率和氧气浓度,可以提高生物质与煤混合物的燃烧速度,缩短燃烧时间,改善生物质与煤混合物的燃烧性能,有利于燃烧反应的进行;同时,燃烧气态产物中CO所占比例逐渐减小,CO₂所占比例逐渐增大,提高了燃料的燃尽率。