Removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid from tea infusions by microfiltration membrane

Removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid in tea infusions by microfiltration membrane using dead‐end model was investigated in the present study. The results showed that microfiltration significantly promoted the removal of both pesticides (P < 0.05) in tea infusions. Furthermore, the extent of removal was strongly influenced by the pore size of membrane, operational pressure and the concentrations of tea infusions. The initial concentration of imidacloprid and acetamiprid showed no significant effect on their removal rates. The maximum removal rates were 79.7% for imidacloprid and 81.9% acetamiprid. The changes in major chemical components of tea infusions after microfiltration were evaluated. The results indicated that microfiltration caused no considerable changes in total polyphenols and total free amino acids, and small but statistically significant losses (6.3–18.0%) of eight catechins and three methylxanthines when filtration volume reached to 200 mL. The present study validated the application of microfiltration as a potentially feasible and promising method for the removal of imidacloprid and acetamiprid residues from tea infusions.     

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP): A versatile and forceful tool for functional membranes

The progress in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) provides an effective means for the design and preparation of functional membranes. Polymeric membranes with different macromolecular architectures applied in fuel cells, including block and graft copolymers are conveniently prepared via ATRP. Moreover, ATRP has also been widely used to introduce functionality onto the membrane surface to enhance its use in specific applications, such as antifouling, stimuli-responsive, adsorption function and pervaporation. In this review, the recent design and synthesis of advanced functional membranes via the ATRP technique are discussed in detail and their especial advantages are highlighted by selected examples extract the principles for preparation or modification of membranes using the ATRP methodology.     

从猫豆中提取左旋多巴的膜分离工艺探索

目的:使用新型膜分离技术从猫豆中提取左旋多巴并进行纯化和浓缩。方法:通过建立正交实验,对左旋多巴提取工艺进行研究,对实验结果进行分析优化,确定其提取的最佳条件参数;对猫豆浸提液进行分离纯化实验,系统研究了过程中的膜除杂和膜浓缩工艺,分别讨论了不同分离膜对左旋多巴提取液除杂、浓缩的效果,最终确定了三级膜处理过程。结果:使左旋多巴产品收率从传统工艺的50%提高至68.65%,同时,精制后产品纯度达到99.53%。结论:使用新型膜分离技术分离纯化左旋多巴是可行的,并且膜过程能耗低,污染少,不使用有毒试剂,实现了清洁生产。     

混凝/微滤用于反渗透海水淡化的预处理

考察了混凝/微滤工艺用于反渗透海水淡化预处理的可行性,并通过调整FeCl3和粉末活性炭(PAC)投量来确定最佳运行条件。结果表明,当FeCl3投量为2.5mg/L(以Fe3 计)、PAC耗量为40mg/L时处理效果最好,出水浊度<0.1NTU,污泥淤塞指数SDI<1.5,CODMn平均去除率为24%,满足反渗透的进水水质要求。此外,混凝及PAC的吸附作用可使海水中粒径<0.22μm的颗粒物变大,从而被微滤膜截留,这是出水水质良好的保证。     

改性聚偏氟乙烯微滤膜深度处理城市污水的研究

采用改良的热诱导化学聚合技术,在聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微滤膜表面接枝具有离子交换性能的羧酸基团,并借助X衍射光电子能谱（XPS）和环境扫描电镜（ESEM）对改性PVDF微滤膜进行了表征.采用该改性PVDF（PAA/PVDF）膜深度处理城市污水,探讨了pH值、接触时间对处理效果的影响.试验结果表明：热诱导化学聚合技术在PVDF膜表面成功接枝了羧酸基团,PAA/PVDF膜对水溶性金属离子具有交换去除作用,出水水质优良.     

不同中水回用模式的技术经济分析

根据国内外中水回用的工程实践，总结了目前城市中水回用的典型处理工艺、回用途径，提出了城市中水回用的7种模式，从技术经济角度分别对这几种模式进行了分析，提出了适合我国国情的城市中水回用模式，展望了我国中水回用的发展趋势。     

WATER RE-USE - CAPTURING A WASTE RESOURCE

The east and south-east of England has the lowest rainfall in the UK, water resources are limited and under pressure through increased demand and population growth. In the late 1990's AW Innovation (the AW R&D group) developed a process that could produce high purity water from sewage effluent using membrane technology. In late 1999 Texas Utilities (TXU) signed a contract with Alpheus Environmental for the supply of high purity water for Peterborough Power Station. The novel treatment plant was built in 1999 - 2000 and opened in July 2000 by the Mayor of Peterborough. This paper is a review of the plant design, the technology used for the treatment process and a summary of the first four years of operation.
Changing from potable water to high purity water produced from sewage effluent has brought significant benefits for the power station resulting in higher purity steam generation while reducing chemical, power and effluent discharge costs. In addition Anglian Water is now saving 1,000 m³/day of potable water.     

混凝-微滤工艺处理含氟地下水的试验研究

采用混凝-微滤工艺进行了地下水除氟的试验研究.静态试验表明了硫酸铝的混凝除氟效果比聚合硫酸铝的更佳.动态试验中发现,在改善饮用水水质及降低运行成本方面,采用CO2降低反应体系的pH比采用H2SO4更具有优越性.当原水F^-浓度为2.74 mg/L、硫酸铝投加量为154 mg/L、混凝反应器内CO2的溶入量为183.2 mg/L时,出水F^-浓度为0.98 mg/L、浊度＜0.10 NTU、UV254为0.012 cm^-1、Al^3＋＜0.02 mg/L、SO4^2-浓度为125.77 mg/L、pH值为7.51,出水水质满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB 5749-2006）的要求.     

基于微滤膜和撞击流的臭氧氧化废液反应器的优化设计

优化设计了基于微滤膜和撞击流技术的臭氧氧化废液的反应器,提高了臭氧氧化废液的利用率。利用微滤膜管的孔径和压力特点,优化了反应器内部互为撞击的两相物质的运动轨迹。在撞击前使两相物质变成微米级颗粒,实现臭氧与废液的全方位充分接触,从而提高氧化效果和臭氧的利用率,降低了废液的处理成本。实验表明,在短时间内降解率可达95%。     

烧成温度对MgO-TiO2复合无机陶瓷微滤膜支撑体性能的影响

采用添加造孔剂高温烧结法制备了氧化镁-二氧化钛（MgO-TiO₂）复合无机陶瓷微滤膜支撑体。分别研究了相同烧结制度下不同最高烧结温度、相同最高烧结温度不同的烧结制度下样品的孔隙率、抗弯强度及纯水通量的变化情况。采用热重分析（TG-DSC）、电子扫描电镜（SEM）和万能试验机等对样品进行热分析、观察样品形貌及抗弯强度等性能测试。研究表明,最高烧结温度和烧结制度对样品的性能有很大影响,采用最高烧结温度为1 400 ℃、升温速率分别为4、8、2 ℃/min的1400-482烧结制度所制备的支撑体的性能最佳,孔隙率为37.57%,抗弯强度为108.65 MPa,纯水通量为4 040 L/（m²?h?MPa）。